阻化剂防治煤自燃是抑制煤自燃事故的主要技术手段之一。针对单一阻化剂阻化效果差、作用时间短的问题，需要改进当前阻化剂的阻化效果。本文制备了以高吸水凝胶为物理阻化成分，高效抗氧化型茶多酚（TP）、维生素C（VC）作为化学阻化成分的TP/VC高吸水凝胶并进行性能表征，研究对煤自燃的抑制效果。

采用水溶液聚合法将茶多酚、维生素C、高吸水性树脂制备为TP/VC高吸水凝胶。利用单因素法确定TP/VC高吸水凝胶配比，研究了TP/VC高吸水凝胶的吸液率、保水率、重复吸液率及黏度。制得的最优配比下高吸水凝胶在纯水和盐水中的吸液倍率分别为782.4 g/g、132.5 g/g。当高吸水性树脂、茶多酚、维生素C复配比例为2:2:1时，TP/VC高吸水凝胶的吸水率达到了829 g/g；140 ℃下的保水率仍为常温的69%。TP/VC高吸水凝胶的最大分解速率温度点为496.1 ℃；温度大于548.9 ℃时，TP/VC高吸水凝胶的内部结构被破坏。

通过程序升温-色谱联用实验研究TP/VC高吸水凝胶对煤样氧化特性的抑制效果。分析原煤和经TP/VC高吸水凝胶处理处理煤样的交叉点温度、耗氧速率、CO/CO₂产生率、阻化率以及活化能，确定TP/VC高吸水凝胶的优选复合比例为2:2:1。利用热重-差式量热实验对比分析原煤及经TP/VC高吸水凝胶处理煤样的特征温度点、燃烧特性参数、放热量、动力学参数等氧化特性参数。结果表明在氧化升温过程中，经TP/VC高吸水凝胶处理的煤样氧化过程中的六个特征温度点均低于原煤，质量损失减少1.9%；低温氧化过程煤体吸热量增加166.33 J/mg，高温阶段放热量减少295.74 J/mg；可燃指数及综合燃烧指数分别降低40%、39%；阻化煤样在氧化过程四个阶段的表观活化能分别提高21.41 kJ/mol、41.02 kJ/mol、92.58 kJ/mol、133.70 kJ/mol。表明TP/VC高吸水凝胶在煤样失水失重和吸氧增重阶段发挥主要作用的是高吸水性树脂；在热解和燃烧阶段是茶多酚/维生素C发挥主要作用抑制煤自燃。

采用傅里叶红外光谱实验对TP/VC高吸水凝胶处理前后煤样的红外光谱进行分峰拟合，分析了煤中活性官能团（-OH、-CH₃/-CH₂-、C=C、C-O、C-H）在氧化过程中的变化规律。TP/VC高吸水凝胶有效减少煤中-OH、-CH₃/-CH₂-含量，提高了煤中C=C、C-O、C-H的含量。通过活化能与官能团含量的相关性分析，煤中-OH、-CH₃/-CH₂-的减少与C=C、C-O、C-H官能团的增加能够有效延缓煤氧化自燃。煤低温氧化过程中TP/VC高吸水凝胶可降低煤温、隔绝氧气抑制煤自燃；随煤温升高 TP/VC高吸水凝胶中茶多酚、维生素C的羟基会消耗煤体表面活性基团生成醚键，减少或中断化学反应进程起到抑制作用。

Adding inhibitor is one of the main ways to prevent coal spontaneous combustion. In order to further improve the inhibitory effect of single inhibitor with short duration of action. In this thesis, based on the inhibition characteristics of different substances at different stages, a superabsorbent antioxidant inhibitor was prepared by using superabsorbent resin as physical inhibitor, high-efficiency antioxidant tea polyphenols and vitamin C as chemical inhibitor, and characterizes its performance to study the effect of inhibiting coal spontaneous combustion. The research has theoretical guiding significance for further prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion disasters.
The TP/VC superabsorbent hydrogel were prepared by grafting tea polyphenols and vitamin C onto the three-dimensional superabsorbent resin network via polymerization in aqueous solution. The TP/VC superabsorbent hydrogel ratio was determined using the univariate method. Investigated the fluid uptake, water retention rate, repeat uptake rate, and viscosity of the TP/VC superabsorbent hydrogel. Infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry experiments are used to characterize it. In order to determine the optimum ratio of superabsorbent resin, the absorption ratios of the superabsorbent resin in deionized water and in normal saline solution were 782.4 g/g and 132.5 g/g, respectively. With a 1:1 tea polyphenol/vitamin C ratio, the rate of water absorption of the superabsorbent antioxidant inhibitor rose to 829 g/g. At 140 °C, when the ratio of superabsorbent resin, tea polyphenols, and vitamin C was 2:2:1, the rate of water retention was again 69%. In conclusion, the temperature point of maximum decomposition rate of the TP/VC superabsorbent hydrogel was 496.1 °C, and the structure is destroyed at temperatures above 548.9 °C.
The inhibitory effect of the TP/VC superabsorbent hydrogel on the oxidation characteristics of coal samples was studied by programmed heating-chromatography experiments. The intersection temperature, oxy gen consumption rate, CO/CO2 generation rate, resistive rate and activation energy of raw coal and superabsorbent resin, tea polyphenol and vitamin C composite ratio were analyzed, and the preferred composite ratio of TP/VC superabsorbent hydrogel was determined to be 2:2:1. This demonstrated that TP/VC superabsorbent hydrogel had a significant inhibiting effect on the spontaneous combustion of the coal. In the TP/VC superabsorbent hydrogel, the superabsorbent resin acted on the water loss and weight gain stage of the oxygen absorption during the coal oxidation process, and tea polyphenols/vitamin C were found to act on the pyrolysis and combustion steps in the coal oxidation process. In the oxidation process, the six characteristic temperature points of the sample of the inhibiting coal were lower than those of the raw coal, and the loss in quality was reduced by 1.9%. During the low temperature oxidation process, the heat uptake of the coal increased by 166.33 J/mg, and the heat release in the high-temperature stage decreased by 295.74 J/mg. Both the combustible index and the combustion index of the coal were significantly reduced; In the four oxidation process steps, the apparent activation energy of the samples of the inhibiting coal increased by 21.41 kJ/mol, 41.02 kJ/mol, 92.58 kJ/mol, and 133.7 kJ/mol, respectively.

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