在西部寒区的矿产开采和岩体工程中，由于温差大及频繁的动力扰动，常引发含岩桥裂隙岩体失稳的高速“崩→滑→流”链式大型滑坡灾害。因此，研究冻融与动力扰动下含岩桥裂隙岩体的损伤演化与冲击力学特性对提升寒区岩土工程安全性至关重要。本研究运用室内试验和理论分析等方法，深入分析冻融循环和动力扰动下含岩桥裂隙砂岩细观结构演化规律，探究裂隙砂岩损伤演化的主控因素。通过开展冲击力学特性试验，结合细观结构和变形场测试，揭示细观损伤、能量耗散与宏观变形破坏之间的联动机制。构建基于细观损伤的冻融-动力扰动下裂隙砂岩动态损伤本构模型，理论表征其在复杂环境下损伤累积直至变形破坏的动力学行为。主要研究内容及结论如下：

（1）通过对含不同岩桥特征的裂隙砂岩开展冻融循环试验，并结合核磁共振测试（NMR），研究冻融前后岩样质量、纵波波速、表观形态及孔隙结构演化规律。结果表明：随冻融循环次数增加，裂隙砂岩的质量和波速显著变化，特别是在前中期，微裂隙迅速扩展，岩体结构劣化加剧，岩桥区域裂隙扩展尤为明显。冻融前期孔隙率迅速增加，微小孔隙加速发育；冻融后期孔隙演化趋于饱和，连通性增强，孔隙网络复杂化，体积增长放缓。岩桥特征显著影响冻融损伤，较短的岩桥和较大倾角加剧局部应力集中，促进微裂隙扩展与孔隙连通，损伤累积加大。孔隙结构非均质性和和连通性随冻融次数增加而增大。

（2）通过对冻融作用后的裂隙砂岩开展动力扰动试验，并结合CT扫描技术，研究不同动力扰动（次数和强度）条件下冻融裂隙砂岩细观参数及岩桥结构损伤演化特征。结果表明：在不同动力扰动强度下，冻融裂隙砂岩的内部损伤模式差异显著。低扰动强度下，微裂隙广泛分布于砂岩浅表层，形成“浅而广”的裂隙网络；高扰动强度下，裂隙纵深扩展增强，呈现“深而狭”的裂纹特征。扰动强度直接影响裂隙分布与扩展，决定破坏形态与损伤深度。随着扰动次数增加，裂隙网络扩展贯通，细观结构参数：孔隙率、连通孔隙率和分形维数显著增加，损伤加剧。较大岩桥倾角加速水分渗透与微裂纹扩展，加剧冻融损伤；而岩桥长度增加减弱裂隙间相互作用，起到一定缓冲作用，提升结构稳定性。

（3）采用分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）试验系统对冻融-动力扰动下裂隙砂岩开展冲击力学试验，结合高速摄影技术监测冲击破坏中裂纹扩展过程，揭示裂隙砂岩的动力学响应与破坏模式转变机制。结果表明：岩桥特征（长度和倾角）显著影响裂隙砂岩的初始强度，较短岩桥和较大倾角降低强度，削弱承载与抗冲击能力，裂纹扩展加剧。低扰动强度下裂隙扩展缓慢，峰值应力小幅回升；随扰动强度增加，裂隙扩展加快，破坏由局部裂隙转变为整体失稳。动力扰动在低冻融循环下的作用较为明显，主要表现为促进裂纹集中扩展，而在高冻融循环下，冻融效应逐渐占据主导地位，使裂纹扩展更加复杂和分散，破坏模式由局部损伤转为整体失稳。

（4）基于冻融-动力扰动下裂隙砂岩冲击力学试验，对冲击破坏后的破碎块体进行筛分试验，结合能量耗散理论和微观电镜扫描（SEM）试验，探究裂隙砂岩宏观破碎分形、能量耗散与细观结构损伤之间的联动机制。结果表明，岩桥越短、倾角越大，破碎程度加剧，分形维数升高。中等扰动强度促进裂纹扩展和能量耗散，高扰动强度则导致破坏模式集中化，使分形维数降低。冻融循环与动力扰动组合作用加剧损伤，在低冻融循环次数下，裂纹扩展路径复杂，破碎颗粒分散；在高冻融循环次数下，动力扰动加速了裂隙贯通，破坏过程更加集中，破碎细化，能量耗散减少。随冲击气压增加，裂隙扩展加速，分形维数升高，细观结构损伤加剧。

（5）基于宏细观损伤理论，将冻融损伤和裂隙损伤定义为裂隙砂岩的初始损伤，结合连续损伤理论，推导出宏细观损伤变量。通过NMR测试中获得的细观参数表征冻融损伤，结合裂隙几何特性与断裂理论推导裂隙损伤变量。基于CT试验结果，明确扰动冲击下砂岩孔隙结构的演化特征，构建扰动冲击损伤变量。基于裂隙砂岩的黏弹特性，引入扰动-损伤黏性元件，建立考虑冻融和裂隙损伤的黏弹性动态本构模型，基于试验结果，验证了损伤变量表征岩体损伤累积直至破坏的过程以及本构模型描述材料动力学行为的准确性和可靠性。

In the mineral mining and rock engineering in the western cold zone, the large temperature difference and frequent dynamic perturbation often trigger the large-scale landslide disaster of high-speed avalanche→slide→flow chain, which is caused by the destabilisation of the rock body containing the rock bridge fissure. Therefore, it is important to study the damage evolution and impact mechanical properties of rock bodies with rock bridge fissures under freeze-thaw and dynamic disturbances to improve the safety of geotechnical engineering in cold regions. In this study, indoor tests and theoretical analyses are used to analyse the fine structure evolution law of rock bridge fissured sandstone under freeze-thaw cycle and dynamic disturbance, and to investigate the main controlling factors of the damage evolution of fissured sandstone. By conducting impact mechanical property tests, combined with fine structure and deformation field tests, the linkage mechanism between fine damage, energy dissipation and macro deformation damage is revealed. A dynamic damage model based on fine-scale damage is constructed for fractured sandstone under freeze-thaw-dynamic perturbation, and the kinetic behaviours of damage accumulation and deformation damage are theoretically characterised in complex environments. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:

(1) The freeze-thaw cycle test was carried out on fissured sandstones with different rock-bridge characteristics and combined with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) test to study the mass, longitudinal wave velocity, apparent morphology and pore structure evolution before and after freezing and thawing. The results show that with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, the mass and wave velocity of the fractured sandstone change significantly, especially in the first and middle stages, the microfracture expands rapidly, the structural deterioration of the rock body is intensified, and the fracture expansion in the area of rock bridge is especially obvious. In the pre-freeze-thaw stage, the porosity increased rapidly and the development of micropores accelerated; in the post-freeze-thaw stage, the pore evolution tended to be saturated, the connectivity was enhanced, the pore network was complicated, and the volume growth slowed down. Rock bridge characteristics significantly affect the freeze-thaw damage, shorter rock bridges and larger inclination angle exacerbate the local stress concentration, promote the expansion of microfractures and pore connectivity, and increase the accumulation of damage. Pore structure inhomogeneity and connectivity increased with the number of freeze-thaw events.

(2) By carrying out dynamic disturbance tests on the fractured sandstone after freeze-thaw action and combining with CT scanning technology, we study the fine-scale parameters of the freeze-thaw fractured sandstone and the structural damage evolution characteristics of the rock bridges under different conditions of dynamic disturbance (number and intensity). The results show that the internal damage patterns of freeze-thaw fissured sandstone vary significantly under different dynamic disturbance intensities. Under low disturbance intensity, the microfissures are widely distributed in the shallow surface layer of sandstone, forming a shallow and wide fissure network; under high disturbance intensity, the longitudinal expansion of the fissures is enhanced, presenting a deep and narrow fissure characteristic. The disturbance intensity directly affects the distribution and expansion of cracks, and determines the damage pattern and damage depth. As the number of disturbances increases, the fracture network expands and penetrates, and the fine structural parameters: porosity, connected porosity and fractal dimension increase significantly, and the damage is aggravated. The larger inclination angle of the bridge accelerates water penetration and microcrack expansion, which exacerbates the freeze-thaw damage, while the increased length of the bridge weakens the interactions between the cracks, plays a certain buffer role, and improves the stability of the structure.

(3) Impact mechanical tests were carried out using the Separate Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) test system on fractured sandstone under freeze-thaw-dynamic perturbation, and high-speed photography was used to monitor the process of crack extension during impact damage, to reveal the kinetic response of the fractured sandstone and the mechanism of damage mode transformation. The results show that the characteristics of rock bridges (length and dip) significantly affect the initial strength of the fissured sandstone, and shorter bridges and larger dips reduce the strength, weaken the load-bearing and impact-resistant capacity, and intensify the crack extension. Fracture extension is slow at low disturbance strengths, and peak stresses recover slightly; fracture extension accelerates with increasing disturbance strengths, and damage is transformed from localised fissures to overall instability. The role of dynamic perturbation is more obvious under low freeze-thaw cycle, which is mainly manifested in the promotion of crack centralised expansion, while under high freeze-thaw cycle, the freeze-thaw effect gradually takes the dominant position, which makes the crack expansion more complex and dispersed, and the damage mode is changed from local damage to overall instability.

(4) Based on the impact mechanics test of fissured sandstone under freeze-thaw-dynamic perturbation, sieve test was carried out on the crushed blocks after impact damage, combined with the energy dissipation theory and microscopic electron microscope scanning (SEM) test, to investigate the linkage mechanism between macroscopic crushing fractal, energy dissipation, and fine structural damage of fissured sandstone. The results show that the shorter the rock bridge and the larger the dip angle, the degree of fragmentation increases and the fractal dimension rises. Medium perturbation intensity promotes crack extension and energy dissipation, while high perturbation intensity leads to the centralisation of the damage pattern, resulting in lower fractal dimension. The combined effect of freeze-thaw cycles and dynamic perturbation exacerbated the damage. At low freeze-thaw cycle counts, the crack extension paths were complex and the broken particles were dispersed; at high freeze-thaw cycle counts, the dynamic perturbation accelerated the crack penetration, and the damage process was more concentrated, with finer crushing and reduced energy dissipation. With the increase of impact air pressure, the crack extension accelerates, the fractal dimension rises, and the damage of fine structure increases.

(5) Based on the macro-fine-scale damage theory, freeze-thaw damage and fissure damage are defined as the initial damage of fissured sandstone, and macro-fine-scale damage variables are derived by combining the continuous damage theory. The freeze-thaw damage is characterised by the fine-scale parameters obtained in the NMR test, and the fissure damage variables are deduced by combining the geometric properties of the fissures with the fracture theory. Based on the CT test results, the evolution characteristics of sandstone pore structure under perturbation impact are clarified, and the perturbation impact damage variables are constructed. Based on the viscoelastic properties of fissured sandstone, a perturbation-damage viscous element is introduced, and a viscoelastic dynamic constitutive model considering freeze-thaw and fissure damage is established. Based on the experimental results, it is verified that the damage variables characterize the process of damage accumulation and destruction of the rock body, and that the constitutive model describes the material dynamics accurately and reliably.

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