我国能源资源具有“富煤少油”的禀赋特点，近年来石油的对外依存度已超70%，导致战略石油储备不足，而原煤的产量居高不下。同时造成我国矿山空区体积逐年增加，煤基固废无法规模化处置等问题。为实现矿山采空区空间资源、煤基固废的合理利用和构建战略石油储备库的多重目的，提出了基于条带充填开采，构建地下充填石油储库的新方法。在储库长期运营过程中，充填作为重要结构单元，其蠕变性能是影响储库长期稳定的关键因素。本文选取以煤矸石为骨料，粉煤灰和水泥为胶凝材料的充填体作为研究对象，利用理论分析、室内试验和数值模拟手段，对充填体的蠕变特性及充填石油储库在长期载荷作用下的力学参数变化规律进行了深入分析。首先通过分级加载的方式对煤矸石胶结充填体进行单轴压缩蠕变试验，分析其蠕变力学特性；其次根据充填体蠕变应变-时间规律构建蠕变本构模型，验证了模型的可靠性，进一步定量化描述了充填体蠕变全过程；最后提出基于条带式充填开采构建地下石油储库方法，采用数值模拟手段分析储库围岩及充填体长期运营过程中的变化规律。研究主要结论如下：

（1）充填体力学强度与灰砂比呈正相关关系，灰砂比为1:4时，单轴抗压强度最高，为6.57Mpa。充填体弹性模量与灰砂比呈正相关关系，单轴抗压强度与弹性模量存在线性关系。

（2）开展了煤矸石胶结充填材料单轴压缩蠕变试验。利用分级加载的方式，研究煤矸石胶结充填体在的蠕变力学特性。充填体能够承载的应力加载级数随灰砂比减小先增大后减小，最大轴向应力随灰砂比减小而减小。

（3）煤矸石胶结充填体受到轴向应力后立即产生瞬时变形，瞬时变形大小随轴向应增加呈现增大趋势，随充填体的灰砂比增大呈减小趋势。充填体进入减速蠕变和等速蠕变阶段后，减速蠕变阶段持续时间和两阶段应变率同轴向应力为正相关关系，与灰砂比呈现负相关关系。

（4）建立了以Burgers蠕变模型为基础的改进蠕变模型，引入了弹塑性体和一个带应变触发的非线性黏壶，当σ＜σ_s时，该模型退化为Burgers蠕变模型；当σ≥σ_s且e＜e_ts时，该模型退化为六元件弹塑性蠕变模型；当σ≥σ_s且e≥e_ts时，该模型为七元件粘弹塑性蠕变模型。用改进模型对蠕变试验数据进行拟合，其相关系数均大于0.95，同时得到相关参数，可以很好的对煤矸石胶结充填材料的蠕变全过程进行描述。

（5）提出了煤矿基于条带充填开采的储库协同构建方法。利用有限差分软件Flac^3D模拟了采矿-充填-建库过程，分析了考虑充填体蠕变特性的储库长期稳定性。结果表明条带式地下充填石油储库在建库和运营过程中均未发生破坏，充填体具有一定的长期稳定性，表明构建的储库可进行正常使用。

China 's energy resources have the endowment characteristics of 'rich coal and less oil'. In recent years, the external dependence of oil has exceeded 70%, resulting in insufficient strategic oil reserves and high production of raw coal. At the same time, the volume of mine goafs in China has increased year by year, and coal-based solid waste cannot be disposed on a large scale. In order to realize the rational utilization of mine goaf space resources, coal-based solid waste and the multiple purposes of building a strategic oil reserve, a new method for constructing an underground backfill oil reserve based on strip backfill mining is proposed. During the long-term operation of the storage, backfill is an important structural unit, and its creep performance is a key factor affecting the long-term stability of the storage. In this paper, the backfill body with coal gangue as aggregate, fly ash and cement as cementitious materials is selected as the research object. By means of theoretical analysis, laboratory test and numerical simulation, the creep characteristics of backfill body and the variation law of mechanical parameters of backfill oil storage under long-term load are analyzed in depth. Firstly, the uniaxial compression creep test of cemented-gangue-fly-ash backfill (CGFB) was carried out by means of step loading, and its creep mechanical properties were analyzed. Secondly, the creep constitutive model is constructed according to the creep strain-time law of the backfill body, which verifies the reliability of the model and further quantitatively describes the whole creep process of the backfill body. Finally, the method of constructing underground oil storage based on strip backfill mining is proposed, and the variation law of surrounding rock and backfill body in the long-term operation process of storage is analyzed by numerical simulation. The main conclusions are as follows :

(1) The mechanical strength of the CGFB is positively correlated with the cement-sand ratio. When the cement-sand ratio is 1:4, the uniaxial compressive strength is the highest, which is 6.57Mpa. The elastic modulus of CGFB is positively correlated with the cement-sand ratio, and there is a linear relationship between the uniaxial compressive strength and the elastic modulus.

(2) The uniaxial compression creep test of CGFB was carried out. The creep mechanical properties of CGFB were studied by means of graded loading. The stress loading series that the backfill body can bear increases first and then decreases with the decrease of cement-sand ratio, and the maximum axial stress decreases with the decrease of cement-sand ratio.

(3) CGFB produces instantaneous deformation immediately after being subjected to axial stress. The instantaneous deformation increases with the increase of axial stress, and decreases with the increase of cement-sand ratio of backfill body. After the backfill body enters the deceleration creep and constant creep stages, the duration of the deceleration creep stage is positively correlated with the coaxial stress of the two-stage strain rate, and negatively correlated with the cement-sand ratio.

(4) An improved creep model based on Burgers creep model is established. The elastoplastic body and a nonlinear dashpot with strain are introduced. At σ＜σ_s time, the model degenerates into Burgers creep model. When σ≥σ_s and e＜e_ts, the model degenerates into a six-element elastic-plastic creep model. When σ≥σ_s and e≥e_ts, the model is a seven-element viscoelastic-plastic creep model. The improved model is used to fit the creep test data, and the correlation coefficient is greater than 0.95. At the same time, the relevant parameters are obtained, which can well describe the whole process of creep of CGFB

(5) A collaborative construction method of reservoir based on strip backfill mining is proposed. The finite difference software Flac^3D was used to simulate the mining-backfill-reservoir construction process, and the long-term stability of the reservoir considering the creep characteristics of the backfill body was analyzed. The results show that the strip underground backfill oil storage has not been damaged during the construction and operation of the storage, and the backfill body has a certain long-term stability, indicating that the constructed storage can be used normally.

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