煤层瓦斯既是影响煤矿安全生产的重要风险源，同时又是应用前景广阔的清洁能源。我国煤层虽富含瓦斯，但大部分存在渗透率低、原始孔裂隙发育程度较低的特点，导致煤层瓦斯抽采困难，为此，必须实施人工干预强化抽采效果。基于液态CO₂的吸热闪蒸、低粘强渗和相变增压特性，以及压注液态CO₂在非常规油气藏领域增产效果显著，使得压注液态CO₂相变驱替煤层CH₄技术的应用愈发广泛；以往现场试验中发现液态CO₂压注过程钻孔压力出现脉动变化且该时间段内瓦斯抽采效果明显增强，故如何在工程实践中充分发挥钻孔压力脉动对瓦斯抽采的强化作用将是进一步提高井下有限量罐装液态CO₂驱替效果的关键，而揭示压注液态CO₂钻孔压力脉动形成机制并掌握其演化规律是实现上述目标的科学基础。

本文综合运用理论分析、实验研究、数值模拟和现场试验等研究方法，围绕液态CO₂相变驱替煤层CH₄钻孔压力脉动形成机制及其影响因素、物理相似模拟实验系统设计与研制、钻孔压力脉动演化规律及孔内多场演变特征、压注参数优选及压力脉动表征预测模型验证和脉动驱替促抽效能评价等方面进行了系统地研究，取得的主要研究成果如下：

（1）建立了井下钻孔压注液态CO₂相变驱替煤层CH₄物理模型，通过分析钻孔内固-液-气多相态耦合传热过程，阐明了钻孔压力变化受注液压力、液态CO₂相变压力和CO₂渗出流量三因素共同调控的原理；基于理想气体状态方程推导了孔内液态CO₂相变压力的数学表达式，结合热量计算公式，利用有效导热系数对液态CO₂相变压力进行量化表征，通过开展等高不等直径煤样压注液态CO₂过程有效导热系数随煤样表面温变规律测定实验，得出有效导热系数随孔周煤温的量化对应关系式；综合上述量化关系推导出三因素综合作用下钻孔压力脉动变化数学模型。

（2）基于相似原理这一模型试验方法，结合流体动力学和传热学理论，准确选取相似准则并结合本研究相似类别计算了原型和模型各同名物理量的相似比尺，推导了原型和模型注液压力的数学关系式；对模型容器进行耐压和厚壁传热效能测试，利用极限思维推算了环状恒温介质腔体等效半径为37mm且热量稳定传输所需的最小介质流速为3.5m/s，通过低温制冷稳定性、CO₂供液连续性、腔体供热连续性和出口泄放平顺性等指标测试了实验系统运行状态良好。

（3）开展了井下钻孔压注液态CO₂的物理相似模拟实验，厘清了注液压力、液态CO₂相变压力和CO₂渗出流量三因素各自对容器总压力脉动变化的影响规律，对影响钻孔压力脉动的注液压力、注液流量、注液温差、渗出压力和渗出流量五个关键参数进行相关性分析，得出了容器总压力脉动变化实时值的数学表达式，并将其变换为由注液压力和孔内温度作为自变量的表示形式，该结果验证了钻孔压力脉动变化数学模型；同时给出了容器总压力脉动变化特征指标值随注液压力和注液温差的变化规律。

（4）依据物理模拟实验中容器总压力脉动演化特征，以压力脉动变化幅值作为评价基准，从注液温差入手，得出液态CO₂与容器内温度差为△T_z时，注入液态CO₂后压力脉动波峰或波谷达到最大值对应的最佳注液压力P_z-波峰的数学表达式，通过计算该温压工况下的容器总压力脉动变化幅值和脉动周期，结合原型和模型注液压力的数学关系式，构建了井下钻孔注入液态CO₂压注参数优选计算及压力脉动表征预测模型，并以假设案例预测了煤层为20℃时对应的最佳注液压力和钻孔压力脉动特征值。

（5）以井下钻孔压注液态CO₂为原型，建立了液态CO₂蒸发相变理论模型，编写包含相变潜热随温度变化的液态CO₂蒸发相变UDF程序文件，选择与假设案例一致的煤层温度且以压注参数优选计算及压力脉动表征预测模型计算得出的注液压力作为模拟计算工况，利用Fluent软件进行瞬态求解，阐述了液态CO₂压注过程钻孔内温度场、压力场和两相流场分布以及CO₂气液比率演变特征，分析了钻孔内注液压力和液态CO₂蒸发相变耦合作用下流体动力学特性，将数值模拟结果与模型预测结果进行对比验证，二者的压力脉动变化幅值这一表征基准值误差为6.3%，可认为基本一致。

（6）在与假设案例中相同温度的煤层，以预测模型优选注液压力为压注工况，开展了预测模型工程验证及钻孔压力脉动驱替煤层CH₄促抽效能评价的原位试验，压注过程中钻孔压力出现脉动变化，且对于压力脉动变化幅值这一表征基准值与模型预测结果和数值模拟结果误差分别为12.5%和17.6%，而原位试验与模型预测结果中压力脉动周期、脉动波峰值、脉动波谷值和孔内液态CO₂相变压力值的误差分别为2.9%、18.6%、19%和12.5%，误差满足工程精度需求，故工程验证进一步验证了压注参数优选计算及压力脉动表征预测模型的准确性和适用性。此外，利用煤层CO₂有效影响半径、CH₄抽采浓度、钻孔抽采混量和钻孔CH₄抽采纯量对不同注液压力定量压注促抽效果进行分析，表明钻孔压力脉动驱替效果更好，其更能发挥井下有限量罐装液态CO₂的驱替促抽效能。

Coalbed methane is not only an important risk factor affecting coal mine safety production, but also a clean energy source with broad application prospects. Although coal seams in China are rich in methane, most of them have low permeability and strong gas adsorption characteristics, which makes coalbed methane extraction difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to implement artificial intervention to enhance extraction efficiency. Based on the endothermic flash evaporation and phase change pressurization characteristics of liquid CO₂, the application of pressure injection liquid CO₂ phase change displacement technology for coalbed methane has become increasingly widespread. In previous field trials, it was found that the drilling pressure during the liquid CO₂ injection process exhibited pulsating changes, and during this period, the gas extraction effect was significantly enhanced. Therefore, how to fully utilize the strengthening effect of drilling pressure pulsation on gas extraction in engineering practice will be the key to further improving the limited liquid CO₂ displacement effect in underground wells. Revealing the mechanism of drilling pressure pulsation formation during liquid CO₂ injection and understanding its evolutionary law are the scientific basis for achieving the above objectives.

This paper comprehensively applies theoretical analysis, experimental research, numerical simulation, and field experiments to systematically study the formation mechanism and influencing factors of drilling pressure pulsation in liquid CO₂ phase change displacement of coal seam CH₄, the design and development of physical similarity simulation experimental system, the evolution law of drilling pressure pulsation and the characteristics of multi field evolution in the hole, the optimization of injection parameters and the verification of pressure pulsation characterization prediction model, and the evaluation of pulsation displacement promotion efficiency. The main research results are as follows:

（1）A physical model for underground drilling pressure injection of liquid CO₂ has been established. By analyzing the coupled heat transfer process of solid liquid gas multiphase in the borehole, the principle that the variation of borehole pressure is jointly controlled by the injection fluid pressure, liquid CO₂ phase change pressure, and CO₂ leakage flow rate has been elucidated; Based on the ideal gas state equation, the mathematical expression for the phase change pressure of liquid CO₂ in the pore was derived. Combined with the heat calculation formula, the effective thermal conductivity was used to quantitatively characterize the phase change pressure of liquid CO₂. By conducting experiments on the variation of effective thermal conductivity with the surface temperature of coal samples during the process of injecting liquid CO₂ into coal samples of equal height and unequal diameter, a quantitative correspondence formula for the effective thermal conductivity with the coal temperature around the pore was obtained. Based on the above quantitative relationship, the mathematical model of the pulsation of drilling pressure under the comprehensive action of three factors is derived.

（2）Based on the similarity principle, a model test method, combined with the theories of fluid dynamics and heat transfer, the similarity criteria were accurately selected and the similarity scale of the prototype and model with the same physical quantity was calculated in combination with the similarity category in this study. The mathematical relationship between the prototype and model injection pressure was deduced. The pressure resistance and thick wall heat transfer efficiency of the model container were tested, and the minimum medium flow velocity required for stable heat transfer in a circular constant temperature medium chamber with an equivalent radius of 37 mm was calculated using limit thinking, which is 3.5 m/s. The experimental system was tested for good operating conditions through indicators such as low-temperature refrigeration stability, CO₂ liquid supply continuity, chamber heating continuity, and outlet discharge smoothness.

（3）We conducted a physical similarity simulation experiment of underground drilling pressure injection of liquid CO₂, clarified the influence laws of injection pressure, liquid CO₂ phase change pressure, and CO₂ leakage flow rate on the total pressure pulsation of the container, and conducted correlation analysis on five key parameters that affect drilling pressure pulsation, namely injection pressure, injection flow rate, injection temperature difference, leakage pressure, and leakage flow rate. We obtained the mathematical expression of the real-time value of the total pressure pulsation of the container and transformed it into a representation form with injection pressure and hole temperature as independent variables. This result verified the mathematical model of drilling pressure pulsation change. At the same time, the pulsation amplitude and pulsation period of the total pressure pulsation of the container were given as a function of the injection pressure and injection temperature difference

（4）Based on the evolution characteristics of total pressure pulsation in physical simulation experiments, using the amplitude of pressure pulsation change as the evaluation criterion, starting from the injection temperature difference, the mathematical expression of the optimal injection pressure P_z-波峰 with △T_z as the independent variable when injecting liquid CO₂ under the condition of the temperature difference △T_z between liquid CO₂ and the container was obtained. By calculating the amplitude and period of total pressure pulsation change in the container under the combination of △T_z and P_z-波峰 injection parameters, and combining the mathematical relationship between the prototype and the model injection pressure, a model for optimizing the injection parameters of liquid CO₂ injection in underground drilling and predicting the characterization of pressure pulsation was constructed. The optimal injection pressure and drilling pressure pulsation characteristic values corresponding to a coal seam at 20 ℃ were predicted using a hypothetical case.

（5）A theoretical model of liquid CO₂ evaporation phase change was established based on the underground drilling pressure injection of liquid CO₂. A UDF program file containing the latent heat of phase change with temperature was written to simulate the injection pressure calculation using the coal seam temperature that is consistent with the assumed case and the pressure injection parameter optimization calculation and pressure pulsation characterization prediction model. The transient solution was performed using Fluent software to explain the temperature field, pressure field, two-phase flow field distribution, and CO₂ gas-liquid ratio evolution characteristics in the drilling process of liquid CO₂ pressure injection. The fluid dynamics characteristics under the coupling effect of injection pressure and liquid CO₂ evaporation phase change in the drilling were analyzed. The numerical simulation results were compared and verified with the model prediction results. The benchmark value error of the pressure pulsation change amplitude of the two was 6.3%, which can be considered to be basically consistent.

（6）In a coal seam with the same temperature as the hypothetical case, engineering validation of the prediction model and in-situ testing of the CH₄ pumping efficiency of coal seam displacement by drilling pressure pulsation were carried out under the condition of selecting the injection pressure as the injection working condition using the prediction model. During the injection process, the drilling pressure fluctuated, and the amplitude of the pressure pulsation change had errors of 12.5% and 17.6%, respectively, compared with the model prediction results and numerical simulation results. The errors of the pressure pulsation period, peak value, trough value, and liquid CO₂ phase change pressure value in the hole in the in-situ test and model prediction results were 2.9%, 18.6%, 19%, and 12.5%, respectively, which met the engineering accuracy requirements. Therefore, the engineering validation further verified the accuracy of the pressure parameter optimization calculation and pressure pulsation characterization prediction model. Applicability. In addition, the effective influence radius of coal seam CO₂, CH₄ extraction concentration, mixed amount of drilling and extraction, and pure amount of drilling and extraction CH₄ were used to analyze the quantitative pressure injection promotion effect of different injection pressures. It was shown that the pulsating displacement effect of drilling pressure is better, and it can better exert the displacement promotion effect of limited amount canned liquid CO₂ underground.

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