煤矿调度员负责生产计划、资源调配和应急处理，其认知能力直接影响生产安全与效率。长期处于高压力环境下，调度员需高度专注，快速决策并处理多任务。研究表明，个体对压力的感知差异可能导致认知表现变化，同时光照条件作为外部因素，可能通过调节神经活动和情绪状态影响认知功能。本研究旨在探讨压力易感性与光照条件对调度员认知表现的影响机制，并分析光照调节效应，构建认知表现预警模型，为优化工作环境和提高安全生产水平提供依据。主要工作与结论如下：

本研究结合行为实验与功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）技术，通过OSPAN任务评估煤矿调度员在不同光照条件下的反应时间、任务准确率与工作记忆容量，并分析前额叶皮层（PFC）神经活动变化。依据PSS-14量表区分高、低压力易感性个体，测试其在高、低光照条件下的认知表现，并以S-AI量表确认心理压力状态。结果显示：（1）高光照显著提升认知表现，包括更快的反应时间、更高的准确率和更大的记忆容量；（2）高压力易感者在高认知负荷任务中表现较差，表明其在压力下认知能力更易受损；（3）光照可缓解压力对认知的负面影响，fNIRS数据表明高光照下PFC血氧浓度显著升高，说明光照可通过缓解压力改善大脑活动与认知能力；（4）认知任务激活左右PFC区域，且激活强度较高。此外，本研究构建了基于随机森林的煤矿调度员认知表现预警模型，模型准确率为88.46%，验证了其在认知表现预测中的有效性和可靠性，该模型结合压力易感性和光照条件等关键因素，可为煤矿企业提供实时认知表现监测和预警的技术支持。

综上所述，光照条件与压力易感性对煤矿调度员的认知表现产生了显著影响，并通过构建认知表现预警模型，进一步验证了其在实际应用中的有效性。本文的研究为煤矿调度员工作环境优化、压力管理及认知表现监控提供了科学依据，有助于提高工作效率与安全性。研究成果为煤矿行业制定有效的管理策略和防护措施、保障员工健康与矿区安全、促进行业可持续发展提供了重要的理论和实践支持。

Coal mine dispatchers are responsible for production planning, resource allocation, and emergency management, and their cognitive abilities directly impact production safety and efficiency. Working in a high-pressure environment for extended periods, dispatchers must maintain high levels of focus, make quick decisions, and manage multiple tasks simultaneously. Research has shown that individual differences in stress perception can lead to variations in cognitive performance. Additionally, lighting conditions, as an external factor, may influence cognitive function by modulating neural activity and emotional states. This study aims to explore the mechanisms through which stress susceptibility and lighting conditions affect dispatchers' cognitive performance and to analyze the moderating effect of lighting. It also aims to construct a cognitive load warning model, providing a basis for optimizing the work environment and improving safety production levels. The main work and conclusions are as follows:

This study combines behavioral experiments and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technology. The OSPAN task was used to assess the reaction time, task accuracy, and working memory capacity of coal mine dispatchers under different lighting conditions, and to analyze changes in prefrontal cortex (PFC) neural activity. Based on the PSS-14 scale, individuals were classified into high and low stress susceptibility groups, and their cognitive performance was tested under high and low lighting conditions. The S-AI scale was used to confirm psychological stress levels. The results showed: (1) high lighting significantly enhanced cognitive performance, including faster reaction times, higher accuracy, and greater memory capacity; (2) high stress-sensitive individuals performed worse in high cognitive load tasks, indicating that their cognitive abilities are more susceptible to stress; (3) lighting can alleviate the negative effects of stress on cognition, as fNIRS data showed a significant increase in PFC oxygenated hemoglobin concentration under high lighting, suggesting that lighting can improve brain activity and cognitive ability by alleviating stress; (4) cognitive tasks activated both the left and right PFC regions, with higher activation intensity. Additionally, a random forest-based cognitive load warning model was constructed, with an accuracy of 88.46% on the test set, validating its effectiveness and reliability in predicting cognitive load. This model, incorporating key factors such as stress susceptibility and lighting conditions, provides real-time cognitive load monitoring and warning technical support for coal mine enterprises.

In conclusion, lighting conditions and stress susceptibility have a significant impact on coal mine dispatchers' cognitive performance, and the cognitive load warning model further validates its practical applicability. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for optimizing the work environment, managing stress, and monitoring cognitive load in coal mine dispatchers, contributing to improved work efficiency and safety. The research results offer important theoretical and practical support for the coal mining industry in developing effective management strategies and protective measures, safeguarding employee health and mine safety, and promoting sustainable industry development.

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