在当前低碳高热值能源大力推广利用的背景下，气体燃料火灾的发生频率及造成损失均逐年增加。除了直接损失，传统灭火技术或材料灭火过程中造成的次生损失和伴生损失也不容忽视。绿色环保且可避免次生损失和伴生损失灭火方案已成为亟需重点关注的前沿问题，低频声场灭火技术为解决上述难题提供了可能。本文系统地探究了低频声场作用下扩散火焰受迫燃烧响应特征及演变规律，研究了火焰熄灭临界条件与作用机制。本项工作为低频声场灭火相关科学研究提供了详尽的实验数据与特性分析，为开发清洁高效的灭火技术提供了依据。

首先，基于声学与速度测量仪器测试了声场灭火系统激发的声学与流体流动特征，分析了声学时域和频域特征，结合实验结果与数值模拟解耦了近声场关键流动特征。结果表明：近声场包含声波和流体流动两种关键物理信息，声场横向中心处有效声压高，边缘有效声压低，有效声压与频率，功率正相关。解耦了近声场时均流与周期流，并提出时均横向速度和时均RMS速度表征两种流动。

其次，采用搭建的声场灭火系统，利用工业高速摄像机、彩色摄像机、热电偶等仪器测试了火焰受迫燃烧特性，包括火焰形态、火焰温度、火焰周期运动等特征。低频声场作用下火焰向水平方向倾斜，呈周期性运动，火焰体呈暗蓝色，火焰高度降低、宽度增加；识别并表征了声场作用下夹断、拉伸、分叉和折叠等火焰特殊行为；基于近声场关键参数，提出了表征近声场特性的无量纲数（Re_a）和声学尺度（ξ）；建立了考虑声场关键参数、燃料流量、燃料种类和燃料出口直径的扩散火焰高度、宽度和倾角全局耦联模型。随着声场频率由30 Hz增加到100 Hz，火焰高概率区的温度由低于自由火焰温度增加到高于自由火焰温度，声场对火焰高概率区作用由降温转变为促燃。声场作用下扩散火焰纵向与横向频率主要表现为主频“锁相”和主频变化较小的线性响应以及低通滤波非线性响应。建立了高概率区无量纲温度与近声场无量纲参数全局模型，构建了声场作用下的火焰纵向频率模型。

最后，通过增强声场功率，研究了近声场条件下火焰熄灭特性，分析了扩散火焰的近极限熄灭形貌特性与形态参数。火焰近极限熄灭行为呈现出增强式的受迫燃烧特征。火焰熄灭关键参数为时均RMS速度，临界时均RMS速度与燃料流量和燃烧器出口直径呈正相关。构建了临界时均RMS速度与火源参数关联全局数学模型。根据Da数和标量耗散率相关概念建立了声场扑灭扩散火焰判据。采用Da数概念阐释了近声场条件下火焰熄灭的化学反应与临界位移机制，基于火焰熄灭临界耗散率参数的恒值性，揭示了近声场条件下火焰熄灭化学反应与动力学机制。

Under the current background of low–carbon and high–calorific value energy utilization, the probability of gas fuel fire occurrence and the loss caused by fire are increasing year by year. In addition to direct losses, secondary and associated losses caused during the extinguishing of fires by traditional fire-fighting techniques or materials cannot be ignored. The research on the fire extinguishing scheme that is environmentally friendly and can avoid secondary losses and associated losses is a scientific issue that needs to be focused on. The use of low–frequency acoustic field to extinguish small fire technology has the above advantages. In this paper, the response characteristics and evolution law of diffused flame forced combustion under the action of low-frequency acoustic field are systematically explored, and the critical conditions and mechanism of flame extinguishing are studied. This work provides more detailed and novel experimental results and theoretical analysis for the scientific research on low–frequency acoustic field fire suppression, and provides theoretical support for the development of clean and efficient fire suppression technology.

Firstly, the acoustic and fluid flow characteristics of the acoustic field fire extinguishing system were tested based on the acoustic and velocity measurement instruments. Acoustic time and frequency domain features were analyzed. Combining the experimental results and numerical simulations, the key velocity parameters of the near acoustic field were decoupled. The results show that the near–acoustic field contains two key parameters of acoustic wave and fluid flow. The effective acoustic pressure in the lateral center of the acoustic field is high, and the effective acoustic pressure at the edge is low. Effective acoustic pressure is positively related to frequency and power. The time–averaged flow and the periodic flow in the near acoustic field are decoupled, and the time–averaged lateral velocity and the time–averaged RMS velocity characterization of these two flows are proposed.

Secondly, the self–built experimental system was used to test the forced combustion characteristics of the flame, including the characteristics of flame morphology, flame temperature and flame periodic motion, using industrial high–speed camera, color camera, thermocouple and other instruments. Under the action of the low–frequency acoustic field, the flame tilts laterally and moves periodically, the flame body appears dark blue, the height of the flame decreases, and the width increases. The special behaviors of flames such as pinch–off, stretching, bifurcation and folding are identified. Based on the key parameters of the near–acoustic field, dimensionless numbers (Re_a) and acoustic scales (ξ) are proposed to characterize the near–acoustic field. A global coupled model of the height, width and inclination of the diffusion flame is established considering the key parameters of the acoustic field, fuel flow, fuel type and fuel outlet diameter. As the frequency of the acoustic field increases from 30 Hz to 100 Hz, the temperature in the high–probability region of the flame increases from lower than the temperature of the free flame to higher than that, and the effect of the acoustic field on the temperature in the high–probability region of the flame changes from cooling to promoting combustion. The longitudinal and transverse frequencies of the diffusion flame under the action of the acoustic field exhibit a linear response (“phase–locking” and small variation of the dominant frequency) as well as a nonlinear response (low–pass filtering effect). A global model of dimensionless temperature and near–acoustic field dimensionless parameters in the high–probability region is established, and a general longitudinal frequency model of the flame under the action of the acoustic field is established.

Finally, by enhancing the power of the applied acoustic field, the critical parameters of flame extinguishing under near–acoustic field conditions are investigated. The morphological characteristics and parameters of near–limit extinction of diffusion flames are analyzed, and the behavior of near–limit extinction of the flame is characterized by enhanced forced combustion. The key parameter of flame extinguishing is the time–averaged RMS velocity, and the critical time–averaged RMS velocity is positively correlated with the fuel flow and the diameter of the burner outlet. A global mathematical model was constructed to correlate critical time–averaged RMS velocity with fire source parameters. According to the concepts of Da number and scalar dissipation rate, a criterion for acoustic field extinguishing diffusion flame was constructed. The concept of Da number was adopted to explain the chemical reaction and critical displacement mechanism of fire extinguishing under near–acoustic field conditions. Based on the constancy of the critical dissipation rate parameter for flame extinguishing, the dynamic and chemical reaction mechanism of flame extinguishing under near–acoustic field conditions is revealed.

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