植被是陆地生态系统中最重要的组分之一，对减缓二氧化碳浓度上升和全球气候变暖起到重要作用。植被净初级生产力（Net Primary Productivity，NPP）可以有效量化陆地生态系统的服务能力，能够表征绿色植物群落自身的生产能力和地表生态质量状况，也是评估植被固碳能力的重要指标。陕西黄河流域是我国重要的产煤区，分布有神府、子长、韩城等14个煤矿区，对气候变化和人类活动十分敏感。在全球气候变暖和“碳达峰”与“碳中和”的背景下，探究煤矿区植被NPP时空变化特征及其影响因素可以有效揭示自然条件与人为活动对植被NPP的影响程度，对促进矿区生态环境建设和节能减排有重要意义。

 本文以引入地表水分指数的优化CASA模型为理论基础，将遥感数据、气象数据和植被类型数据作为输入参数，对2000-2020年陕西黄河流域植被NPP的估算，并对估算结果进行验证。使用GIS和相关地统计空间分析方法，深入探讨植被NPP时空变化特征及气候变化与人类活动对煤矿区植被NPP的影响。研究结论如下：

（1）2000-2020年陕西黄河流域植被NPP在时间上呈显著的线性增加趋势。NPP均值在空间分布上呈南高北低的分布特征。其中植被NPP增加区域占总面积的88.21%，极显著增加区域面积占15.29%，分布于延安和咸阳北部以及榆林的东部地区。植被NPP减少区域面积占11.79%，仅有1.33%的区域呈现显著减少趋势，空间上呈点状离散分布在西安市、宝鸡市及延安市的城区。煤炭资源富集地区植被NPP波动较大。

（2）神府矿区、子长矿区、韩城矿区植被NPP总体上呈现显著的增加趋势，增长速率表现为子长矿区>神府矿区>韩城矿区。其中韩城矿区植被NPP均值高于其它矿区。从空间上来看，神府矿区植被NPP均值呈现东高西低的分布格局，子长矿区呈现由北至南逐渐递减的分布格局，韩城矿区呈现西高东低，南高北低的分布格局。神府矿区和子长矿区植被NPP以显著增加为主，韩城矿区植被NPP以不显著增加为主。

（3）气候变化和采矿活动在不同矿区植被改善和退化中的相对作用表现出一定的差异性。神府矿区植被NPP随高程呈现波动变化，子长矿区和韩城矿区植被NPP随海拔的升高而不断增大。3个矿区植被NPP均随坡度的增大表现为先增后减。神府矿区植被NPP与气温在时间上表现为负相关，在空间上以正相关为主。韩城矿区和子长矿区植被NPP与气温表现出正相关关系。3个矿区植被NPP与降水总体均以正相关为主，神府矿区植被NPP与降水相关性较强。采矿活动虽然在一定时间段内造成了矿区植被NPP的损失，但在相对较好的宏观气候影响、人为介入和自然恢复的条件下，植被整体趋好，矿区NPP持续增长。

Vegetation is one of the most important components of terrestrial ecosystems and plays a significant role in mitigating the rise of CO₂ concentration and global warming. Net Primary Productivity (NPP) can effectively quantify the service capacity of terrestrial ecosystems, characterize the productivity of green plant communities themselves and the ecological quality status of the land surface, and is also an important indicator to assess the carbon sequestration capacity of vegetation. The Yellow River Basin in Shaanxi Province is an important coal-producing area in China, with 14 coal mining areas including Shenfu, Zichang and Hancheng. They are very sensitive to climate change and human activities. In the context of global warming and "carbon peaking" and "carbon neutral", exploring the spatial and temporal characteristics of NPP in coal mining areas and its influencing factors can effectively reveal the degree of influence of natural conditions and anthropogenic activities on vegetation NPP, which is important for promoting ecological environment construction, energy conservation and emission reduction in mining areas. It is important to promote the construction of mine ecological environment, energy conservation and emission reduction.

Based on the CASA model incorporating Land Surface Water Index, this study used remote sensing data, meteorological data and vegetation type data to achieve the estimation of NPP in the Yellow River basin of Shaanxi Province from 2000 to 2020. Then, the estimation results were verified. Using GIS and related geostatistical spatial analysis methods, this article deeply discussed the temporal and spatial changes of vegetation NPP and revealed the effects of climate change and human activities on NPP in coal mining areas. The conclusions were as follows:

(1) The NPP of the vegetation in the Yellow River basin of Shaanxi Province showed a significant linear increasing trend in time from 2000 to 2020. The average of NPP showed the distribution characteristics of high in the south and low in the north. Among them, the area of vegetation NPP increased accounted for 88.21% of the total area, and the highly significant increased accounted for 15.29%, distributed in the northern part of Yan'an and Xianyang and the eastern part of Yulin. The area of vegetation NPP decreased accounted for 11.79%, and only 1.33% of the area showed significant decrease, which was spatially distributed in the urban areas of Xi'an, Baoji and Yan'an in a point-like dispersion. The annual fluctuation of NPP in coal resource-rich areas was large.

(2) The vegetation NPP in Shenfu mining area, Zichang mining area and Hancheng mining area showed a significant increasing trend in general, and the growth rate was Zichang mining area > Shenfu mining area > Hancheng mining area. Among them, the mean value of vegetation NPP in Hancheng mine was higher than that in other mines. Spatially, the distribution pattern of multi-year vegetation NPP in the Shenfu mine was high in the east and low in the west, the distribution pattern in the Zichang mine was decreasing from north to south, and the distribution pattern in the Hancheng mine was high in the west and low in the east, and high in the south and low in the north. The NPP of vegetation in the Shenfu and Zichang mines mainly increased significantly. The NPP of vegetation in the Hancheng mine increased insignificantly.

(3) The relative roles of climate change and mining activities in the improvement and degradation of vegetation in different mining areas showed some variability. The NPP of vegetation in Shenfu mine showed fluctuation with elevation, while the average NPP of vegetation in Zichang mine and Hancheng mine increased with elevation. the NPP of vegetation in all three mines increased with slope and then decreased. The NPP of vegetation in the Shenfu mining area showed a negative correlation with temperature in time and a predominantly positive correlation in space. The NPP of vegetation in Hancheng and Zichang mines showed a positive correlation with temperature, and the NPP of vegetation in all three mines was mainly positively correlated with precipitation, and the correlation between NPP of vegetation and precipitation in Shenfu mine was stronger. Although mining activities caused the loss of vegetation NPP in the mine area during a certain period of time, under the conditions of relatively good macroclimatic influence, anthropogenic and natural restoration, the vegetation as a whole tended to improve and the mine area NPP continued to grow.

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