铜川市作为主要的大气污染传输渠道城市之一，曾被称为“卫星上看不到的城市”，属国家蓝天保卫战重点区域，该地区冬季采暖期长、取暖污染物排放量高等特点。铜川市作为清洁取暖试点城市，其农宅建成时间早、多为农户自建、数量庞大，且普遍存在围护结构热工性能较差、建筑能耗高、室内舒适度差等问题，亟待通过节能改造提升建筑能效，减少因冬季采暖带来的环境污染问题。

首先以铜川市既有农宅为研究对象，通过问卷调查、实地走访等方式了解该市建筑建造特点、供暖与制冷情况、室内舒适性等现状，分析当前该市既有农宅存在的节能问题及建筑能效提升潜力。并根据调研结果选取单层独立式和单层联排农宅作为典型农宅模型，采用DeST（Designer's Simulation Toolkit）软件分析其能耗特点，选取影响既有农宅能效提升关键技术外墙、屋面、更换不同类型外窗以及附加阳光间等措施，分别模拟分析农宅的能效提升效果。其次，根据铜川市实际情况制定适宜当地既有农宅的能效提升标准，综合能效提升率及经济性，选取适合该市农村地区的外墙、屋面、外窗以及附加阳光间的专项改造策略。并基于正交试验各方案要素结合能效提升率及回收期的敏感性两个方面，对专项策略进行组合研究，确定适合铜川市农村地区既有农宅的基本级、中级、高级三种能效提升方案套餐。最后，以铜川市崾先片区为第一批既有农宅能效提升改造村庄为例，通过方案对比选取适合当地的能效提升改造方案。改造完成后进行村落回访、问卷调查室内舒适性等方面以及实地测试多户改造后室内外温度，对比分析满意度问卷和改造前后的温度测试数据，验证本文提出的既有农宅能效提升方案的可行性和改造效果。

本文对影响铜川市既有农宅能效提升的关键技术进行了系统性的研究，给出了适宜于铜川市的能效提升改造策略，依据能效提升率给出基本级、中级、高级三种能效提升方案套餐，并进行了实践验证。当前铜川市冬季清洁取暖试点工作正在不断推动进行，本文的能效提升策略研究可为后续铜川市既有农宅改造工作提供一定的参考价值与借鉴意义，也为打造“铜川范式”的冬季清洁取暖战略起到一定的助推作用。

As one of the dominant air pollution transmission channel cities, Tongchuan was called “the invisible city in satellite”. It is the key area for keeping our skies blue. The area is featured with a long heating period and high emission of heating pollutants in winter. As a clean heating pilot city, Tongchuan has the self-built farmhouses with early construction and huge number, and most of them have such problems as the worse thermal performance of enclosure structure, the high energy consumption of construction and poor indoor comfort; thus, it is necessary to improve the energy efficiency of construction through an energy-saving transformation so as to improve the environmental pollution caused by the heating in winter.

Firstly, with the existing rural houses in Tongchuan City as the study object, the paper figures out the construction characteristics of the city’s buildings, the heating and cooling conditions, the indoor comfort and so on through questionnaire surveys and field visits, so as to analyze the current energy-saving problem and the potential of energy efficiency improvement of construction in the rural houses in the city. According to the survey result, the rural houses of a one-layer single house and one-layer townhouses are selected as the typical rural houses model; and the energy consumption features are analyzed with software, DeST (Designer’s Simulation Toolkit). It is selected with the key technologies that would affect the energy efficiency improvement of the rural houses, including the external wall, roof, replacement of different types of external windows, additional open rooms and other measures, so as to have respective simulations on the energy efficiency improvement of rural houses. Secondly, the paper prepares a proper energy efficiency improvement standard for the local rural houses according to the actual situation in Tongchuan City. Combined with the improvement rate of energy efficiency and economy; and it chooses the special renovation strategies for external walls, roofs, external windows and additional open rooms that is suitable for the city. Based on the orthogonal experiment and combined with the improvement rate of energy efficiency and sensitivity of the recycling period, there is a combinatorial study on the special strategies so as to confirm the scheme packages of energy efficiency improvement for the existing rural houses in the rural areas of Tongchuan City, including the basic level, intermedia level and senior level these three levels. Finally, with the first batch of existing rural houses in Yaoxian District, Tongchuan City with the energy efficiency improvement renovation as an example, the paper selects the renovation scheme suitable for the local energy efficiency improvement through the comparison of schemes. After the completion of the renovation, there is a village return visit, a questionnaire survey on indoor comfort and a field test on the indoor and outdoor temperature of many households after renovation; besides, there is a comparison analysis on the satisfaction questionnaire and the temperature test data before and after the renovation, so as to verify the feasibility and renovation effect of the energy efficiency improvement scheme for the existing rural houses proposed by the paper.

The paper has systemic research on the key technologies that would affect the energy efficiency improvement of the existing farmhouses of Tongchuan City, and then it provides the transformation strategies for the energy efficiency improvement of Tongchuan City. According to the improvement rate of energy efficiency, it is suggested with three packages of energy efficiency improvement, including the basic level, intermedia level and senior level, and there is practical verification. The pilot work of clean heating in winter in Tongchuan City has been proceeding, so the study of the strategies of energy efficiency improvement could provide certain reference value and significance for the transformation of the existing farmhouses in Tongchuan City, and there would be a certain promoter for building up a strategy of clean heating in winter in “Tongchuan Style”.