近些年随着煤矿开采的不断进行，区域水文地质条件发生改变，进而水化学场也随之改变。研究矿区地下水化学特征及演化过程对于矿井突水事故后的水源识别以及区域地下水资源开发利用具有重要意义。本文以彬长矿区主要含水层组为研究对象，对研究区水文地质资料进行收集，分析了矿井采动前后地下水径流场及水位变化情况，从时空角度说明了矿区各含水层组的水化学特征差异，揭示了地下水化学组分的形成作用及采动影响下地下水化学场的演化规律及趋势，并建立水源识别模型。主要研究成果如下：

（1）通过水文地质分析方法确定了彬长各含水层组的厚度、深度、分布特征以及含水性参数，说明了受采动影响下地下水径流场与水位变化情况，结果表明随着煤矿开采，矿区地下水水位明显下降，并在矿井工作面及采空区出现多处明显的水位降落漏斗。

（2）利用离子比例法及多元统计学方法对彬长各含水层组水化学特征进行分析，结果表明第一含水层组受采动影响较小，水化学类型为Ca·Mg-HCO₃型；第二含水层组水化学类型由勘探时期的Ca·Mg-HCO₃型变为Na-SO₄·Cl型为主；第三含水层组水化学类型由勘探时期的Ca-SO₄型变为Na-Cl型为主。通过氢氧同位素特征分析反映各含水层的补径排条件，同时出现了¹⁸O漂移特征揭示各含水层组水岩作用加剧，并结合矿物饱和指数进一步阐明水岩作用。矿区含水层组水化学特征主要受溶滤作用、阳离子交替吸附作用及黄铁矿氧化作用控制，随着采动的不断进行，地下水硬度增大，逐步形成酸性矿井水。

（3）通过分析各含水层组间常规离子含量与水化学作用的差异，使用特征离子图示法与判别分析方法进行水源识别。其中特征离子图示法判别第一含水层组水样效果较好，而多元统计方法中第二含水层组与第三含水层组间误判出现较少，未出现第一含水层组与第三含水层组间的误判情况，判别结果符合实际，并提出彬长矿区水源识别模式。

In recent years, with the continuous development of coal mining, regional hydrog-eological conditions have changed, and then the water chemical field has changed. Stu-dying the chemical characteristics and evolution process of groundwater in mining area is of great significance for water source identification and regional groundwater resour-ces development and utilization after mine water inrush accident. In this paper, the main aquifer group in Binchang mining area is taken as the research object, and the hy-drogeological data in the study area are collected. The groundwater runoff field and water level change before and after mining are analyzed, and the differences in hydroch-emical characteristics of each aquifer group in the mining area are explained from the perspective of time and space. The formation of groundwater chemical components and the evolution law and trend of groundwater chemical field under the influence of mi-ning are revealed, and the water source identification model is established. The main research results are as follows :

(1)The thickness, depth, distribution characteristics and water-bearing parameters of each aquifer group in Binchang are determined by hydrogeological analysis method. Using the dynamic data of groundwater level in Luohe Formation, the groundwater runoff field and water level change under the influence of mining are explained. The results show that with the coal mining, the groundwater level in the mining area decreases significantly, and there are many obvious water level drop funnels in the working face and goaf of the mine.

(2)The ion ratio method and multivariate statistical method were used to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics of each aquifer group in Binchang.The results showed that the first aquifer group was less affected by mining,and the hydrochemical type was Ca·Mg-HCO₃ type.The water chemical type of the second aquifer group changed from Ca·Mg-HCO₃ type in the exploration period to Na-SO₄·Cl type.The water chemical type of the third aquifer group changed from Ca-SO₄ type to Na-Cl type in the exploration period.Through the analysis of hydrogen and oxygen isotope characteristics,the recharge and discharge conditions of each aquifer are reflected.At the same time,the drift characteristics reveal that the water-rock interaction of each aquifer group is intensified,and the water-rock interaction is further clarified combined with the mineral saturation index.Hydrochemical characteristics of aquifer group in mining area are mainly controlled by leaching,cation alternate adsorption and pyrite oxidation.With the continuous mining, groundwater hardness increases,and gradually forms acid mine water.

(3)By analyzing the differences in conventional ion content and water chemistry between aquifers, the characteristic ion diagram method and discriminant analysis method were used for water source identification. The discriminant results were in line with the actual situation, and the water source identification model in Binchang mining area was proposed.By analyzing the differences of conventional ion content and water chemistry between aquifers, the characteristic ion diagram method and discriminant analysis method were used to identify water sources. Among them, the characteristic ion diagram method has better effect in distinguishing the water samples of the first aquifer group, while the misjudgment between the second aquifer group and the third aquifer group is less in the multivariate statistical method, and there is no misjudgment between the first aquifer group and the third aquifer group. The discriminant results are in line with the actual situation, and the water source identification model in Binchang mining area is proposed.

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