随着电力工业的不断发展，粉煤灰的大量堆积给经济发展以及环境保护带来了诸多问题。我国Al2O3含量30%以上的高铝粉煤灰约占粉煤灰年排放总量的30%左右，而我国的铝土矿资源严重缺乏。因此，开发利用高铝粉煤灰提取氧化铝，是解决粉煤灰大量堆置污染环境问题和氧化铝可持续发展的有效途径。然而，目前我国从高铝粉煤灰中提取氧化铝技术还尚未成熟，工业化情况不理想。本文以山西朔州燃煤电厂高铝粉煤灰为对象，研究了纯碱煅烧法中，高铝粉煤灰的煅烧机理、煅烧热力学以及氧化铝的浸出参数及动力学，为提取氧化铝工艺提供理论基础。研究对于实现循环经济及氧化铝的可持续发展具有重要意义。 通过X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜、化学分析、综合热分析仪等手段研究了山西朔州燃煤电厂高铝粉煤灰的理化特性，结果表明，该粉煤灰颗粒粒径均不超过100μm，平均几何粒径小于40μm；由大量多孔玻璃体和少量晶体组成，主晶相为莫来石，非晶态含量高；粉煤灰样品的化学成分主要是氧化硅和氧化铝，氧化钙含量较低，烧失量较小。 采用热力学分析、三元系相图以及煅烧实验，系统研究了石灰煅烧法和纯碱煅烧法中高铝粉煤灰热处理过程的热力学行为，结果表明，石灰煅烧法需要在1300℃左右的高温环境下煅烧，1kg粉煤灰大约需消耗石灰1.624kg，12CaO•7Al2O3是最容易生成并最稳定的化合物；纯碱煅烧法煅烧温度在800~900℃之间，1kg粉煤灰大约消耗纯碱0.848kg，NaAlSiO4是最容易生成的并且是最稳定的化合物。将12CaO•7Al2O3和NaAlSiO4分别与碱性或酸性物质发生化学反应可将其中的铝浸出。纯碱煅烧法在成本及能耗方面较有优势。 通过对高铝粉煤灰纯碱煅烧实验，确定了煅烧参数，粉煤灰与碳酸钠在比例为1:0.85，温度880℃下保温90min后可得到较高的铝浸出率。 实验研究了浸取反应的反应参数，建立了浸出铝反应动力学模型。研究表明，H2SO4溶液的浓度在7～9mol/L之间、固液比（g/L）为1:4、浸取时间在30～40min之间、浸取温度在70～90℃之间时，可获得较高的氧化铝浸出率；纯碱煅烧法从粉煤灰中提取氧化铝的物料浸出过程符合液-固多相反应的内扩散控制模型；浸取反应表观反应级数为0.23，反应表观活化能为7.65KJ/mol。 总体上，本文系统研究了燃煤电厂高铝粉煤灰的理化性能、纯碱煅烧的热力学行为以及浸出铝过程工艺参数，得到了较好的氧化铝浸出率，对粉煤灰提铝技术的发展具有一定的参考价值。

Emissions of solid waste fly ash in coal fired power plant continue to increase; it brings about many economic and environmental problems. High alumina fly ash has a high value on development and utilization. Extraction of aluminum oxide from high alumina fly ash can not only efficiently utilize fly ash, turn waste to treasure and to solve the pollution problem, but also can alleviate the situation of shortage of bauxite resources in China. However, at present, the technology of extracting alumina from alumina powder coal ash has not yet to mature, the industrialization situation is bad, and recycling use of alumina powder coal ash is still a research hot topic at present. In this paper, using high alumina fly ash of Shanxi Shuozhou coal-fired power plant as the object, studies the extraction kinetics and thermodynamics of extracting aluminum oxide from high alumina fly ash, which provides a basis for the subsequent extraction of alumina process. The physical and chemical property of high alumina fly ashes are studied by means of laser particle size analyzer, SEM, chemical analysis, thermal analysis and XRD. The results show that the fly ash particle size is less than 100μm and geometric average particle size is less than 40μm; it consists of much porous vitreous body and a little crystal, its principal crystalline phase is mullite, the content of amorphous substance is high; the chemical composition of fly ash is primarily silica, alumina and iron oxide, the fly ash belongs to low calcium ash, also has low loss on ignition. Using the thermodynamic analyses the thermodynamic behavior of high aluminum powder coal ash of limestone sintering process and acid-base combined. The results show that, 12CaO•7Al2O3 and NaAlSiO4 compounds are most likely to generate and most stable, it will react with alkaline or acidic substances, chemical reaction can be the dissolution of aluminum. High alumina fly ash-soda calcination method has advantages in cost and energy consumption. Study on coal ash and sodium carbonate calcination conditions, the ratio is1:0.85, heating treatment temperature of fly ash is 880℃ and heat treatment time is 90min,which can be get a high alumina leaching rate. Study on the different reaction parameters of leaching reaction, analysis of aluminum content by EDTA volumetric method, to establish the kinetic model of aluminum leaching. The results show that: (1) the acid concentration in the range of 7 ~ 9mol/L;(2)the ratio of solid to liquid (g/L) is 1:4;(3) reaction temperature is 70℃;(4) the reaction time is 30min. The reaction kinetics of material leaching process is controlled by the liquid - solid multiphase reaction diffusion model of extracting alumina from alumina powder coal ash in Soda calcination method. The leaching reaction apparent reaction order is 0.23; the reaction apparent activation energy is 7.65KJ/mol. In general, this paper studies the physicochemical properties and thermodynamic behavior of fly ash-soda calcination process and the parameters of leaching aluminum, the better leaching rate of alumina is obtained, which has some reference value for the development of the technology of extracting alumina from fly ash.