碳纤维增强复合材料（Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer，简称CFRP）具有轻质高强和耐腐蚀、抗疲劳等优良性能，被认为是桥梁传统钢拉（吊）索的理想替代材料。然而，CFRP拉索作为一种各项异性结构，横向及层间抗剪强度远低于轴向抗拉强度，车辆撞击时产生的破坏要远大于钢索。当作为桥梁拉（吊）索时，拉索在撞击作用下会产生可见或不可见的损伤，严重的甚至会造成断索、桥梁垮塌等安全事故。本文通过数值模拟方法系统研究了车辆碰撞参数（速度、角度、质量）对CFRP斜拉索动态响应及梁柱式护栏防护性能的影响规律，并基于碰撞能量演化机制提出护栏结构优化方案。采用LS-DYNA软件建立了多工况碰撞动力学模型，对CFRP拉索的索力特性、能量耗散及冲击力时程曲线进行定量分析，并于钢制拉索有限元模拟结果进行对比，揭示了碰撞参数与结构破坏模式的耦合作用机制。本文主要内容如下：

建立冲击锤头横向撞击拉索的有限元模型。模型涵盖CFRP绞线拉索、钢锚筒及刚性冲击锤头，采用实体单元模拟并设定合理接触边界条件。通过不同预张力工况（40kN、50kN）的对比分析，研究冲击损伤形态、锤头与拉索冲击力时程曲线对比及索力增量时程曲线对比，数值模拟结果与实验数据误差小于10%，证实模型建立的可靠性，为拉索力学性能、防撞措施研究提供可靠依据。

基于某跨海大桥工程背景，采用动力有限元分析程序ANSYS/LS-DYNA构建车辆-护栏-CFRP/钢制斜拉索碰撞动力学模型。通过参数优化分析系统探究：撞击速度、碰撞角度、车辆质量参数对拉索抗冲击性能的影响。同时，对比CFRP索与钢制拉索在高速撞击下的力学行为差异，揭示材料特性与结构能量演化的内在关联机制。

基于梁柱式钢制护栏碰撞响应分析结果，通过多方案对比优化其防护性能，包括局部结构参数调整与材料替换。结构优化变量主要包括：上横梁厚度、上横梁间距；立柱厚度、立柱高度；不同材料类型。通过计算优化后的工况索力增量、能量吸收率及冲击力时程曲线，量化对比提升效果如能量吸收提升率、索力峰值降幅，从而提出经济性优化策略以平衡成本与防护效能。

关 键 词：CFRP斜拉索；钢制拉索；LS-DYNA数值模拟；撞击响应；防撞措施优化

研究类型：应用基础研究

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP), with its light weight, high strength, and excellent properties such as corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance, is considered an ideal alternative material to traditional steel cables for bridges. However, as an anisotropic structure, CFRP cables have significantly lower transverse and interlaminar shear strength compared to their axial tensile strength. As a result, the damage caused by vehicle impacts is much greater than that of steel cables. When used as bridge cables, CFRP cables may suffer visible or invisible damage under impact, and in severe cases, it may lead to cable breakage and bridge collapse, causing safety accidents. This paper systematically studies the influence of vehicle collision parameters (speed, angle, and mass) on the dynamic response of CFRP stay cables and the protective performance of beam-column guardrails through numerical simulation methods. Based on the collision energy evolution mechanism, an optimization scheme for the guardrail structure is proposed. The LS-DYNA software is used to establish a multi-condition collision dynamics model to quantitatively analyze the cable force characteristics, energy dissipation, and impact force time history curves of CFRP cables, and the results are compared with those of steel cable finite element simulations to reveal the coupling mechanism between collision parameters and structural failure modes. The main contents of this paper are as follows:

A finite element model of the lateral impact of the hammerhead on the stay cable was established. The model covered the CFRP stranded cable, steel anchor cylinder and rigid hammerhead. Solid elements were used for simulation and reasonable contact boundary conditions were set. Through the comparative analysis of different pretension conditions (40kN, 50kN), the impact damage morphology, the comparison of the impact force time history curves between the hammerhead and the stay cable, and the comparison of the cable force increment time history curves were studied. The error between the numerical simulation results and the experimental data was less than 10%, which confirmed the reliability of the model establishment and provided a reliable basis for the study of the mechanical properties of the stay cable and the anti-collision measures.

Based on the background of a certain cross-sea bridge project, a vehicle-barrier-CFRP/steel stay cable dynamic collision model was constructed using the dynamic finite element analysis program ANSYS/LS-DYNA. Through parameter optimization analysis, the influences of impact velocity, vehicle collision angle, and vehicle mass on the impact resistance performance of the stay cable were explored. Meanwhile, the mechanical behavior differences of CFRP cables and steel stay cables under high-speed impact were compared to reveal the intrinsic correlation mechanism between material properties and structural energy evolution.

Based on the analysis results of the collision response of beam-column steel guardrails, the protective performance is optimized through multi-scheme comparison, including structural parameter adjustment and material substitution. The structural optimization variables include: thickness and spacing of the upper crossbeam; thickness and height of the column; and material type. By calculating the peak cable force, energy absorption rate, and impact force time-history curve of the optimized working conditions, the performance improvement effects are quantified, such as the energy absorption improvement rate and peak force reduction, and economic optimization strategies are proposed to balance cost and protective efficiency.

Key words：Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP)；Steel Wire Pope； LS-DYNA numerical simulation；Impact resistance；Structural optimization

Thesis    ：Application Research

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