控制力矩陀螺(Control Moment Gyroscope，简称 CMG)，是空间飞行器最重要的姿态控制机构。作为控制力矩陀螺转子的支承部件，滚动轴承的性能是控制力矩陀螺能否可靠工作的关键，并对空间飞行器的指向精度和姿态稳定度具有重要影响。近些年来，我国北斗、嫦娥、天宫等航天飞行任务的数量和飞行难度不断增加，对空间飞行器控制力矩陀螺的姿态控制精度和工作寿命的要求越来越高，迫切需要一种能够适应航天器运转工况的轴承试验机来对空间飞行任务使用的轴承进行测试筛选。本文通过研发一种用于对控制力矩陀螺中常用的角接触球轴承进行入役前的跑合试验的轴承试验机，来对此种轴承进行性能检测和筛选，从而实现为控制力矩陀螺提供性能稳定的高精度角接触球轴承的目的。本文主要研究内容如下：
(1)根据试验轴承工况特点以及轴承试验机的技术指标，通过分析滚动轴承的常见故障原因及性能检测指标，确定了轴承试验机的总体方案。
(2)针对本论文要求同时对多套轴承进行跑合试验的目标，设计了一种多套十字滑块可移式联轴器串联、聚四氟乙烯缓冲块减缓冲击并传递运动的柔性传动轴系和双工位独立驱动、加载的轴承试验机结构。选用密珠轴作为试验机主体部分轴系的支承机构，完成了密珠轴结构的相关设计计算。为了便于试验轴承拆装，主体部分壳体采用剖分式结构。选用伺服电缸作为加载机构的加载部件，并为伺服电缸设计了支架。选用高速电主轴作为驱动系统的动力来源。轴承试验机测控系统由洛阳轴承研究所专为本轴承试验机开发，完成了相关传感器的选型及布置位置设计。
(3)利用建模软件 Solid Works 完成了轴承试验机的三维模型建立。利用有限元分析软件 Abaqus 和多体动力学分析软件 ADAMS 对轴承试验机主体部分轴系转子进行了联合仿真分析，完成了轴系转子刚柔混合模型的动力学分析。此外还对关键受力部件伺服电缸支架进行了静力学分析。
(4)完成轴承试验机整机的设计后，对轴承试验机整机进行装配调试，然后基于此轴承试验机进行了轴承振动试验，并以此来验证轴承试验机的性能。
本文设计的超静 CMG 用轴承试验机具有运转稳定、测量精度高和拆装更换方便的特点。目前本轴承试验机已经被航天系统某研究所论证和采用，其性能特点和技术指标均满足使用单位的要求。使用本轴承试验机可以高效的对控制力矩陀螺用轴承进行跑合试验和性能检测。本轴承试验机设计过程中的一些设计思想和设计经验也可以为将来其他轴承试验机的设计开发提供一定的借鉴和参考作用。

Control Moment Gyroscope (CMG) is the main flight attitude adjustment and control mechanism for space vehicles such as satellites and space stations. As the supporting component of the torque control gyro rotor, the performance of the rolling bearing is the key to the reliable operation of the torque control gyro, and it has an important influence on the pointing accuracy and attitude stability of the space vehicle. In recent years, due to the increasing number of missions and difficulty of space flight in my country, such as Beidou,Chang'e, Tiangong, etc., the requirements for attitude control accuracy and working life of space vehicle control torque gyros have become higher and higher. There is an urgent need for a bearing testing machine that can adapt to the operating conditions of the spacecraft to test and screen the bearings used in space missions. In this paper, we developed a bearing testing machine for the running-in test of angular contact ball bearings commonly used in control torque gyros before entering service, to run-in test and performance test of this
bearing. Therefore, the purpose of providing a high-precision angular contact ball bearing with stable performance for controlling the torque gyro is achieved. The main research contents of this article are as follows:
(1) According to the characteristics of the test bearing working conditions and the technical indicators of the testing machine, the overall scheme of the bearing testing machine is determined by analyzing the common fault causes and performance testing indicators of the rolling bearing.
(2) Aiming at the goal of running multiple sets of bearings for running-in test at the same time in this paper, a flexible transmission shaft system with multiple sets of removable couplings in series. Teflon buffer blocks to reduce impact and transmit motion is designed.The structure of the double-station independently driven and loaded testing machine is adopted. The dense bead shaft is selected as the supporting mechanism of the main part of the testing machine, and the related design calculation of the dense bead shaft structure is completed. In order to facilitate the disassembly and assembly of the test bearing, the main
body shell adopts a split structure. Servo electric cylinder is selected as the loading component of the loading mechanism, and a bracket structure is designed for the servo electric cylinder. The high-speed electric spindle is selected as the power source for the drive system. The measurement and control system of the bearing testing machine was specially developed for this bearing testing machine by Luo yang Bearing Research Institute. Completed the selection and layout design of related sensors.
(3) The three-dimensional model of the bearing testing machine was established using the modeling software Solid Works. Using the finite element analysis software Abaqus and the multi-body dynamic analysis software ADAMS, the joint simulation analysis of the main shaft system of the bearing testing machine was carried out, and the dynamic analysis of the rigid-flexible hybrid model of the shaft system was completed. In addition, the static force
analysis of the servo-cylinder brackets of key force components was also carried out.
(4) After completing the design of the bearing testing machine, the bearing testing machine was assembled and debugged, and then the bearing testing machine was tested for performance under two bearing conditions to verify the performance of the bearing testing machine.
The bearing test machine for ultra-static CMG designed in this paper has the
characteristics of stable operation, high measurement accuracy and easy disassembly and replacement. At present, this bearing testing machine has been demonstrated and adopted by an aerospace research institute. The performance characteristics and technical indicators of the bearing testing machine meet the requirements of the user unit. Using this bearing testing
machine can efficiently conduct running-in tests and performance tests on bearings for control torque gyros. Some design experience in the design process of this bearing testing machine can also provide a certain reference and reference for the design of other bearing testing machines in the future.