新型微波通讯技术和毫米波元件的迅速发展对低介微波介质陶瓷性能提出了更高的要求，LiMgPO₄陶瓷在微波频段具有低介电常数ε_r以及高的品质因数Q，是制作微波器件的一种优秀候选材料，但其谐振频率温度系数τ_f为一较大负值，影响器件工作的温度稳定性，而且其较高的烧结温度也限制了该材料在低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)技术中的应用。因此，调节陶瓷的τ_f值以及开发新工艺，实现LiMgPO₄陶瓷的低温制备，对实现能源节约以及拓展微波介质陶瓷低温烧结工艺具有重要的意义和应用价值。

本文研究了不同原料活性对制备LiMgPO₄陶瓷的影响，在此基础上采用Cu²⁺和V⁵⁺分别对LiMgPO₄的Mg位与P位进行取代掺杂，确定最佳的取代组分。通过将Ba₃(VO₄)₂与最佳离子取代组分相复合的方式，调节谐振频率温度系数近零，同时降低陶瓷的烧结温度；采用冷烧结工艺制备LiMgPO₄陶瓷，系统研究了不同单轴压力、烧结温度以及保温时间对陶瓷结构和性能的影响，确定最佳的冷烧结工艺参数，基于此，将聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）与LiMgPO₄陶瓷进行复合共烧，进一步优化陶瓷的结构和性能。上述研究获得以下主要结论：

研究不同原料活性对LiMgPO₄陶瓷的影响，发现采用碱式碳酸镁为原料能够有效降低陶瓷的烧结温度，并且在950°C烧结温度下可制备得到结晶度高、晶粒生长均匀、相对密度ρ_r为93.5%的LiMgPO₄陶瓷。通过采用Cu²⁺和V⁵⁺分别对LiMgPO₄的Mg位与P位进行取代，结果表明，当Cu²⁺的取代量x=0.04mol时，在900^oC烧结温度下陶瓷获得最优性能：ρ_r = 95.49%，ε_r = 7.06，tanδ = 2.34×10^-3；V⁵⁺的取代量x=0.02mol时，于950^oC烧结温度下陶瓷获得最优性能：ρ_r = 96.37%，ε_r = 6.82，tanδ = 1.58×10^-3。实验结果表明，随着烧结温度的升高，P位取代较Mg位取代陶瓷具有更为稳定的结构。

采用Rietveld方法对LiMgPO₄和LiMg(P_0.98V_0.02)O₄的结构进行了精修，获得了本实验条件下两种物相结构的原子占位和晶体结构参数，在此基础上进行了两种化合物的第一性原理计算。结构精修结果进一步验证了V对P的取代能够提高陶瓷结构稳定性。计算结果表明，V对P的取代增大了晶胞参数，降低了禁带宽度，提高了弹性模量，这有利于提高陶瓷的结构稳定性，且使得陶瓷介电常数减小，谐振频率温度系数更趋近于零。

（3）将添加剂Ba₃(VO₄)₂与离子取代性能最好的LiMg(P_0.98V_0.02)O₄进行复合，制备得到(1-x)LiMg(P_0.98V_0.02)O₄-xBa₃(VO₄)₂复相陶瓷。结果表明，Ba₃(VO₄)₂的加入显著降低了陶瓷的烧结温度并提升了陶瓷的致密度；各组分晶粒生长相对均匀，随着Ba₃(VO₄)₂加入量的增大，复相陶瓷晶粒尺寸逐渐减小，介电常数ε_r逐渐增大，Q×f值逐渐减小，τ_f值不断向正值趋近。当Ba₃(VO₄)₂添加量x=0.5时，复相陶瓷在850^oC保温2h条件下获得近零的τ_f值，微波介电性能达到最佳：ε_r = 9.26，Q×f = 25412 GHz，τ_f =-1.53 ppm/°C。

（4）通过对冷烧结工艺制备LiMgPO₄（简写为LMP）研究发现，在一定范围内，单轴压力和烧结温度的升高均有助于陶瓷的致密化；合适的保温时间能够促进颗粒完全生长，保温时间过长反而会阻碍陶瓷的致密化进程。在单轴压力600MPa、温度200^oC以及保温时间30min的条件下，冷烧结LMP综合性能达到最优：ρ_r = 93.1%，ε_r = 5.12，tanδ = 6.87×10^-3。为进一步优化LMP的介电性能，以聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）为冷烧结工艺的中间溶剂和陶瓷改性剂，制备得到(1-x)LMP-xPTFE无机—有机复相陶瓷，研究发现，在单轴压力600MPa、温度200^oC、保温时间30min的条件下，随着PTFE质量分数的增加，陶瓷的Q×f值逐渐增大，当x=0.4时，(1-x)LMP-xPTFE的微波介电性能达到最佳，为ε_r = 2.80，Q×f = 9711 GHz，τ_f =-39.84 ppm/°C。

The rapid development of new microwave communication technology and millimeter-wave components has posed higher requirements on the performance of low dielectric microwave ceramic materials. LiMgPO₄ ceramic material has a low dielectric constant ε_r and a high quality factor Q in the microwave frequency band, making it an excellent candidate material for the fabrication of microwave devices. However, its resonant frequency temperature coefficient τ_f is a large negative value, which affects the temperature stability of the device operation. Moreover, its high sintering temperature also limits its practical applications. Therefore, adjusting the τ_f value of the ceramic material and developing new processes to achieve low-temperature preparation of LiMgPO₄ ceramics are of great significance and application value for achieving energy conservation and expanding low-temperature sintering processes of microwave dielectric ceramics.

This article investigates the influence of different raw material activities on the preparation of LiMgPO₄ ceramics. Based on this, Cu²⁺ and V⁵⁺ were used to replace and dope the Mg and P sites of LiMgPO₄, respectively, to determine the optimal substitution components. By compounding Ba₃(VO₄)₂ with the optimal ion substitution component, the resonance frequency temperature coefficient was adjusted to near zero, while the sintering temperature of the ceramic was reduced. The cold sintering process was used to prepare LiMgPO₄ ceramics, and the effects of different uniaxial pressures, sintering temperatures, and insulation times on the structure and properties of the cold-sintered LiMgPO₄ ceramics were systematically studied to determine the optimal cold sintering process parameters. Finally, the optimal process parameters were used to composite sinter polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with LiMgPO₄ ceramics through cold sintering, further optimizing the structure and properties of the ceramics.

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of different raw materials on the properties of LiMgPO₄ ceramics. It was found that the use of magnesium carbonate as a raw material can effectively reduce the sintering temperature of the ceramics. LiMgPO₄ ceramics with high crystallinity, uniform grain growth, and relative density ρ_r of 93.5% could be prepared at a sintering temperature of 950^oC. By substituting Cu²⁺ and V⁵⁺ for Mg and P positions in LiMgPO₄, respectively, it was found that the ceramics exhibited optimal performance at different sintering temperatures and substitution levels. Specifically, when the substitution level of Cu²⁺ was x=0.04 mol, the ceramics exhibited the best performance at a sintering temperature of 900^oC, with ρ_r = 95.49%, ε_r = 7.06, and tanδ = 2.34×10^-3. When the substitution level of V⁵⁺ was x=0.02 mol, the ceramics exhibited the best performance at a sintering temperature of 950^oC, with ρ_r = 96.37%, ε_r = 6.82, and tanδ = 1.58×10^-3.

The XRD results of LiMgPO₄ and LiMg(P_0.98V_0.02)O₄ were structurally refined to obtain the atomic occupancy and crystal structure parameters of the two phases under the experimental conditions. Based on this, first-principles calculations were performed for both compounds. The results show that the substitution of V for P increases the lattice parameter, reduces the bandgap width, and increases the elastic modulus, which is beneficial for improving the structural stability and toughness of the ceramic. Additionally, it leads to a decrease in the dielectric constant of the ceramic and a resonance frequency temperature coefficient that approaches zero.

The (1-x)LiMg(P_0.98V_0.02)O₄-xBa₃(VO₄)₂ composite ceramics were prepared by co-sintering LiMg(P_0.98V_0.02)O₄ and Ba₃(VO₄)₂ additives. The results show that the addition of Ba₃(VO₄)₂ significantly reduces the sintering temperature and increases the density of the ceramics. The grain growth of each component is relatively uniform, and as the content of Ba₃(VO₄)₂ increases, the size of the grains in the composite ceramics gradually decreases, while the dielectric constant (ε_r) gradually increases, and the Q×f value gradually decreases, and the τ_f value tends towards a positive value. When the amount of Ba₃(VO₄)₂ added is x=0.5, the composite ceramic obtained a near zero τ_f value under the condition of 850°C for 2 hours. The microwave dielectric properties reached their optimal values: ε_r=9.26, Q×f=25412 GHz, and τ_f=-1.53 ppm/°C.

The cold sintering process of LiMgPO₄ (LMP) was studied, and it was found that within a certain range, increasing uniaxial pressure and sintering temperature both contribute to the densification of ceramics. Suitable holding time can promote complete particle growth, while overly long holding time can hinder the densification process. Under the conditions of 600MPa uniaxial pressure, 200°C sintering temperature, and 30min holding time, the comprehensive performance of LMP obtained by cold sintering reached its optimum: relative density ρ_r = 93.1%, dielectric constant ε_r = 5.12, and dielectric loss tangent tanδ = 6.87×10^-3. To further optimize the dielectric performance of LMP, a (1-x)LMP-xPTFE organic-inorganic composite ceramic was prepared with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a cold sintering intermediate solvent and ceramic modifier. It was found that under the conditions of 600 MPa uniaxial pressure, 200°C sintering temperature, and 30 min holding time, with the increase of PTFE mass fraction, the Q×f value of the ceramic gradually increased. When x=0.4, the microwave dielectric performance of (1-x)LMP-xPTFE reached its best, with ε_r = 2.80, Q×f = 9711 GHz, and τ_f =-39.84 ppm/°C.

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