陕北浅埋煤层开采主要受顶板风化基岩含水层和烧变岩含水层水害威胁，顶板含水层探放水是预防顶板水害的常用方法，但钻孔布设和参数如何设计才能使疏放水效果最优是当前亟需研究解决的问题。本文以陕北侏罗纪煤田红柳林井田43104、15218、44211工作面风化基岩含水层和烧变岩含水层为研究对象，开展顶板含水层探放水钻孔疏放水规律与钻孔参数优化设计，对浅埋煤层开采顶板含水层探放水钻孔的参数优化设计具有重要理论和应用价值。，其研究结果可为红柳林煤矿井下探放水钻孔的高效率疏放提供指导依据。

对红柳林井田水文地质特征进行分析，并综合应用瞬变电磁法与富水性指数法，对43104、15218及44211工作面风化基岩含水层与烧变岩含水层进行富水性评价，并利用井下探放水初始涌水量数据验证评价结果后得：风化基岩含水层中，43104工作面主要以相对中–强富水性为主，15218工作面以相对弱–中等富水性为主，44211工作面以相对弱–中等富水性为主；烧变岩含水层富水性特征为：43104工作面以相对中–强富水性为主，15218工作面以相对弱–中等富水性为主。 

通过系统分析43104、15218、44211工作面相对强、中等、弱富水区内的探放水钻孔参数及疏放时间与涌水量的关系后得出以下规律：风化基岩含水层中，三种富水区内均是当倾角为30°～35°、孔深为80～100m时，涌水量达到最大；烧变岩含水层中，孔深>100m时最大涌水量对应倾角为56°，孔深<100m时最优倾角降至40°。相对强富水区内T18钻场在疏放过程中水量出现"骤减-反弹-再降"，且多个钻场经过45天疏放后仍持续涌水，反映相对强富水区易受塌孔、堵孔扰动影响且具有持续补给特征。相对弱富水性区的钻场普遍在45天内完全疏放干净，反映相对弱富水区储水量有限的特点。

基于Feflow数值模拟软件构建43104工作面地下水系统数值模型，以钻孔倾角及长度为主要变量开展参数数值模拟。优化方案表明：风化基岩含水层中，相对强富水区内布设倾角30°、深入含水层25m的疏放水钻孔为最优参数；相对中等富水区内布设倾角30°、深入含水层40m的疏放水钻孔为最优参数；相对弱富水区内布设倾角30°、深入含水层23m的疏放水钻孔为最优参数。烧变岩含水层中，布设倾角45°、深入含水层25m的疏放水钻孔为相对中等富水区中的最优参数。

The mining of shallow-buried coal seams in northern Shaanxi is mainly threatened by water hazards from the weathered bedrock aquifer in the roof and the burned rock aquifer. Water exploration and drainage from the roof aquifer is a common method to prevent roof water hazards. However, how to design the borehole layout and parameters to achieve the optimal water drainage effect is an urgent problem to be studied and solved. Taking the weathered bedrock aquifer and burned rock aquifer in the 43104、15218、44211mining face of Hongliulin mine field of the Jurassic coalfield in northern Shaanxi as the research objects, this paper studies the water drainage law and optimization method of exploration and drainage boreholes in the roof aquifer, which has important theoretical and application values for the layout and design of exploration and drainage boreholes in the roof aquifer of shallow-buried coal seam mining.

This study is based on the analysis of hydrogeological characteristics in the mining area. Transient electromagnetic method and water abundance index method are comprehensively applied to evaluate the water abundance of weathered bedrock aquifer and burned rock aquifer in mining faces 43104, 15218 and 44211. The initial water inflow data from underground water exploration and drainage are used to verify the evaluation results. The study shows that: the mining face 43104 is mainly of relatively medium-strong water abundance, the mining face 15218 is mainly of relatively weak-medium water abundance, and the mining face 44211 is mainly of relatively weak-medium water abundance. The water abundance characteristics of the burned rock aquifer are as follows: the mining face 43104 is mainly of relatively medium-strong water abundance, with local relatively weak water-rich areas; the mining face 15218 is mainly of relatively weak-medium water abundance, with local developed relatively strong water-rich areas.

Through the systematic analysis of the relationship between the parameters of water exploration and drainage boreholes, the drainage time and the water inflow in the three working faces (representing relatively strong, medium and weak water-rich areas respectively), the following laws are obtained: in the weathered bedrock aquifer, in the three types of water-rich areas, when the dip angle is 30°～35° and the hole depth is 80～100m, the water inflow reaches the maximum; in the burned rock aquifer, when the hole depth is >100m, the dip angle corresponding to the maximum water inflow is 56°, and when the hole depth is <100m, the optimal dip angle decreases to 40°. In the relatively strong water-rich area, the water volume in the T18 drilling field shows "sudden decrease-rebound-redecrease" during the drainage process, and multiple drilling fields continue to drain water after 45 days of drainage, reflecting that the relatively strong water-rich area is susceptible to the disturbance of hole collapse and blockage and has the characteristics of continuous recharge. The drilling fields in the relatively weak water-rich area are generally completely drained within 45 days, reflecting the characteristics of limited water storage in the relatively weak water-rich area.  

FEFLOW numerical modeling of mining face 43104's groundwater system, with borehole inclination and length as primary variables, yields optimized configurations: Weathered bedrock aquifers: 30° inclination with 25m aquifer penetration in high-abundance zones; 30° with 40m penetration in medium-abundance zones; 30° with 23m penetration in low-abundance zones Burnt rock aquifers: 45° inclination with 25m penetration in medium-abundance zones. This research establishes scientifically-grounded parameters for targeted drainage operations in geologically complex roof aquifers.

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