针对现有光学玻璃力学特性测量方法存在的测量周期长、耗材大、易损坏和难以测量小样品等问题，提出了基于光干涉法测量小样品光学平板玻璃弯曲刚度、弹性模量和泊松比等力学量的光学测量方法。应用平板理论和牛顿环原理推导了光学平板玻璃弯曲刚度、弹性模量和泊松比与牛顿环干涉图像之间的解析公式，通过自行设计的牛顿环应力测量装置测量了光学平板玻璃的应力及对应的牛顿环干涉图像中心黑斑的半径。实验结果显示：测得的弯曲刚度数据，在应力29.02-38.66范围内，测量相对误差不超过6.9%；在应力16.07~29.02范围内，测量相对误差不超过11%。弹性模量在应力30.90的时候相对误差为-2.8%。泊松比在应力为35.58时相对误差为9.4%。理论及实验结果证明了通过牛顿环测量光学平板玻璃的弯曲刚度、弹性模量和泊松比等力学量的测量方法的可行性。 在实验研究的基础上，基于本课题组先前的研究成果，设计了基于MFC的CMOS摄像头监控与拍照的界面程序，通过CMOS摄像头拍摄获取牛顿环光干涉图像，同时针对拍摄到的图像提出了一种牛顿环光干涉图像中心黑斑识别的方法。 本论文主要研究工作如下：一是根据现有牛顿环装置光学平板玻璃与平凸透镜之间的受力特点，结合当前微型应力传感器的外形尺寸，提出了翻转牛顿环测量模型，同时设计并加工出可以准确测量中心应力的改造牛顿环加压装置；二是根据平凸透镜和光学平板玻璃之间的受力特点，基于平板理论和牛顿环光干涉原理，理论推导出光学玻璃力学特性弯曲刚度、弹性模量和泊松比与牛顿环干涉图像之间的理论公式；三是根据理论公式，在加工制作好的实验平台上通过大量实验测量牛顿环光干涉图像在不同应力下中心黑斑的半径，将测量结果带入理论公式进行计算，并将实验测量得到的结果与标称值进行对比验证理论的正确性；四是基于MFC设计了CMOS摄像头监控与拍照的界面程序；五是基于自行设计的图像采集装置和编写的摄像头监控和拍照程序采集了牛顿环光干涉图像，通过图像处理方法识别牛顿环光干涉图像中心黑斑并进行相关计算。

Aiming that the measurement methods of existing optical glass mechanical have the disadvantages, like long measuring period, large consumes, easy to damage and difficult to measure small samples, a optical measurement method is proposed to measure the bending stiffness, elastic modulus and Poisson ratio of small samples of optical flat glass. The analytical formula among the bending stiffness, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio and Newton ring interference image of optical flat glass were deduced by means of plate theory and Newton's ring principle. The stress of the optical flat glass and the radius of the black spot in the center of the image were measured by the self-designed Newton ring stress measuring device. The experimental results show that the relative error of measured bending stiffness does not exceed 6.9% in the range of 29.02-38.66, and the relative error is less than 11% in the range of 16.07-29.02. The relative error of the elastic modulus is -2.8% at a stress of 30.90. The Poisson's ratio has a relative error of 9.4% at a stress of 35.58. Theoretical and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of using Newton rings to measure the mechanical properties of optical flat glass such as bending stiffness, elastic modulus, and Poisson's ratio. On the basis of the experimental research of the previous research results, a CMOS camera monitoring and photographing interface program based on the MFC was designed. The interference image of Newton's rings can be obtained by CMOS camera. Aiming at the captured images, a method of identifying black spots in the center of Newton ring optical interference image was proposed. The main research work is as follows: Firstly, based on the force characteristics between the Newton ring device flat glass and the Plano-Convex lens, and combined with the current dimensions of the micro-stress sensor, a measurement model of the tilting Newton ring is proposed. The modified Newton ring pressurizing device is designed and made to measure the central stress. Secondly, in light of the force characteristics of the plano-convex lens and the flat glass, the theoretical formula of the bending stiffness, the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of the optical glass are derived based on the flat plate theory and the Newton ring optical interference principle. Thirdly, based on the theoretical formula, the Newton ring optical interference image under different stress center dark spot radius was measured through a large number of experiments and the results are calculated by the theoretical formula. In addition, the experimental measurement are compared with the nominal values to verify the correctness of the theory.Fourthly, the interface program of CMOS camera monitoring and photographing based on MFC was designed Fifth, Newton's ring light Interference images are gathered by the acquisition device and the programmed camera monitoring and camera program. Newton ring light interference image center dark spots are identified and calculated.