我国大部分煤层透气性较差，使得煤层瓦斯采前预抽效果不理想。通过煤层增透促进瓦斯流动，进而提升瓦斯抽采效率是预防矿井瓦斯灾害的关键之一。超声波作为一种新型增透技术，无污染，能耗低，可有效改善煤体孔隙结构，促进瓦斯解吸，对矿井瓦斯灾害防治及开发利用具有重要的意义。本文选择陕西黄陵矿区煤样，采用自主研发的脉冲超声激励设备，研究脉冲超声激励前后煤的孔隙结构特征，分析煤的瓦斯解吸规律。

通过压汞实验、低温氮吸附实验和低温二氧化碳吸附实验，获得脉冲超声激励前后各煤样的孔隙参数，结果发现脉冲超声激励后煤样的平均孔径、孔体积和比表面积均大于无脉冲煤样，且随脉冲次数的增加而增大。由压汞实验可知，随着脉冲次数的增加，煤样滞后环面积明显增大，退汞率由53.6%提升至57.5%，孔隙连通性增加；由低温氮吸附实验和低温二氧化碳吸附实验可知，脉冲超声激励后煤的最大吸附量均高于无脉冲煤样，且最大吸附量随脉冲次数的增加而增大。综合以上三种实验方法的结果，并结合各实验方法测试孔隙特征参数的差异性，提出了全孔径段联孔分析原则，得到联孔后煤样孔体积与比表面积的分布特征。应用分形理论对实验煤样的综合分形维数进行计算，分维值介于2.6471~2.7436，随脉冲次数的增加呈逐渐降低趋势。

使用自主研发的脉冲超声激励煤瓦斯解吸实验系统，进行了不同脉冲次数超声波激励下瓦斯解吸实验，得到了各煤样解吸量、解吸速率随时间变化的关系。同一时间点条件下，脉冲超声激励后瓦斯解吸量明显大于无脉冲煤样，且解吸量随着脉冲次数增加而增大，解吸量增幅最高可达49.05%。脉冲超声激励后瓦斯解吸速率均大于无脉冲煤样，且解吸速率随脉冲次数增加而增大。对比了准一级、准二级动力学方程、Langmuir经验公式和Elovich模型四种解吸动力学模型对瓦斯解吸动力学过程的拟合结果，其中Langmuir经验公式拟合效果最好，并分析了不同脉冲次数与准一级速率常数、准二级速率常数、平衡常数、解吸速率常数等参数之间的关系。

分析了不同脉冲次数的超声波激励下煤体孔隙结构特征对瓦斯解吸的影响，并探讨了脉冲超声作用机理。发现在脉冲超声的激励下，煤样孔体积和比表面积增加的同时，开放孔比例在增加，孔隙连通性增强，进而导致瓦斯解吸量增加；随着总孔体积与总比表面积的增加，煤样的准二级速率常数与平衡常数均呈线性增长趋势；综合分形维数随脉冲次数的增加而下降，且煤样的最大解吸量、最大解吸速率与综合分形维数呈线性降低的趋势；脉冲超声对煤体的破坏效果随次数的增加而增大，促使煤样孔隙分布得到明显改善，孔隙连通性增大。

研究脉冲超声激励下煤体孔隙结构及瓦斯解吸变化规律，可为进一步研发、完善超声激励煤层增渗技术、提高瓦斯灾害防治及瓦斯资源开发水平提供一定的理论依据。

Most coal seam in China have poor permeability, resulting in unsatisfactory pre-extraction effects of coal seam gas before mining. It is one of the key to prevent mine gas disaster to promote gas flow and improve gas extraction efficiency through coal seam permeability improvement. As a new type of transparency enhancing technology, ultrasound is pollution-free and has low energy consumption. It can effectively improve the pore structure of coal, promote gas desorption, and is of great significance for the prevention and development of mine gas disasters. This article selects coal samples from the Huangling mining area in Shaanxi, and uses self-developed pulsed ultrasonic excitation equipment to study the pore structure characteristics of coal before and after pulse ultrasonic excitation, and analyze the gas desorption law of coal.

Pore parameters of coal samples before and after pulsed ultrasonic stimulation were obtained by mercury intrusion experiments, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiments and low-temperature carbon dioxide adsorption experiments. Results showed that the average pore diameter, pore volume and specific surface area of coal samples after pulsed ultrasonic stimulation were larger than those of the non pulse coal sample, and increased with the increase of pulse times. According to the mercury intrusion experiment, as the number of pulses increases, the hysteresis ring area of coal sample increases significantly, the mercury removal rate increases from 53.6% to 57.5%, and the pore connectivity increases. From the low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiment and low-temperature carbon dioxide adsorption experiment, the maximum adsorption capacity of coal after pulsed ultrasonic excitation is higher than that of the non pulse coal sample, and the maximum adsorption capacity increases with the increase of pulse times. Combining the results of the above three experimental methods and the differences of pore characteristic parameters tested by each experimental method, the principle of combined pore analysis in the full aperture section was proposed, and the distribution characteristics of pore volume and specific surface area of coal samples after combined pore were obtained. The fractal theory is applied to calculate the comprehensive fractal dimension of the experimental coal sample. The fractal dimension values range from 2.6471 to 2.7436, and gradually decrease with the increase of pulse times.

The coal gas desorption experiment system of pulsed ultrasonic excitation was used to carry out the gas desorption experiment under ultrasonic excitation of different pulse times, and the relationship between the desorption amount and desorption rate of each coal sample with time was obtained. Under the condition of the same time point, the desorption amount of gas under pulsed ultrasonic excitation is significantly higher than that of coal without pulse, and the desorption amount increases with the increase of pulse times, and the desorption amount increases up to 49.05%. The desorption rate of gas under pulsed ultrasonic excitation is higher than that of coal samples without pulse, and the desorption rate increases with the increase of pulse times. The fitting results of four desorption kinetic models of gas desorption kinetic process, namely, quasi-first-order kinetic equation, quasi-second-order kinetic equation, Langmuir empirical formula and Elovich model, were compared, among which Langmuir empirical formula had the best fitting effect. The relationship between different pulse times and quasi-first order rate constant, quasi-second order rate constant, equilibrium constant and desorption rate constant was analyzed.

The effect of pore structure characteristics of coal on gas desorption under ultrasonic excitation with different pulse times is analyzed, and the mechanism of pulse ultrasonic is discussed. It is found that under the stimulation of pulsed ultrasonic, while the pore volume and specific surface area increase, the proportion of open pores increases and pore connectivity is enhanced, which leads to the increase of gas desorption amount. With the increase of total pore volume and total specific surface area, the quasi second order rate constant and equilibrium constant of coal sample increase linearly. The comprehensive fractal dimension decreases with the increase of pulse times, and the maximum desorption capacity, maximum desorption rate and comprehensive fractal dimension linearly decrease. The damage effect of pulsed ultrasonic on coal body increases with the increase of times, and the pore distribution of coal sample is obviously improved, and the pore connectivity is increased.

The study of pore structure and gas desorption change rule of coal under pulsed ultrasonic excitation can provide a theoretical basis for further research and development and improvement of ultrasonic stimulation of coal seam permeability technology, and improve the level of gas disaster prevention and gas resource development.

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