凝胶防灭火在煤自燃、矿井火灾等煤火灾害的防控应用研究中得到了长足发展，先后涌现了诸多凝胶防灭火材料与技术，但实际应用中仍然存在成本昂贵、流动性差、井下喷注设备复杂和材料污染工作面等缺点和不足。拟研究制备一种常温为A、B液体，混合后形成粘性低、流动性好、在一定时间内逐步胶凝化的凝胶，且具使用便捷性和良好防灭火性能特点的新型凝胶。

基于凝胶理论研究，选择了3种交联剂和5种胶凝剂进行交叉复配实验，根据胶凝时间、成胶体系性状、粘度和浓度等指标参数进行评价优选，确定新型凝胶的最佳组分材料、浓度和配比，并通过正交配制实验进行了验证。通过红外实验、热稳定性实验和程序升温实验，研究了煤分子基团分布、凝胶对煤分子基团的影响作用、新型凝胶材料的抗温性能和保水性以及凝胶对煤氧化自燃过程的阻化抑制效能。

结果表明：最优组分材料为交联剂L1、胶凝剂J2和改性物质MGP，对应浓度、配比为（L1+MGP-10%+3%）:（J2-8%）=1:1；三种组分材料的浓度变化引起凝胶成胶结果改变的相关度，胶凝剂J2最大、交联剂L1次之，MGP最小；新型凝胶对煤分子基团具有阻化抑制作用，阻化作用随组分A/B浓度的升高而增强，且阻化效能的高低受组分B浓度大小的影响更多；最佳凝胶处理煤样分子基团的吸光度和峰面积均大幅下降，尤其与煤自燃密切相关的羟基、碳氧单键和羰基的降幅更为明显，得到各基团的含量降幅排序为：羰基>碳氧单键>芳香烃>羟基>甲基>亚甲基>碳碳双键>氢键；新型凝胶材料的热稳定性良好，凝胶体系保水可达6 h以上；添加新型凝胶材料能够降低煤自燃过程中CO的产生量及生成率、添加30 g、60 g和90 g时，对1 kg实验煤样的阻化率分别可达37%、54%和65%左右；添加新型凝胶材料能够提高反应的活化能，致使煤氧反应发生愈发困难。

Gel fire-fighting technology and materials have made great progress in the prevention and control of coal fire disasters such as coal spontaneous combustion and mine fires. Although many gel fire-fighting materials and technologies have emerged, however, in practical applications, there are still shortcomings and deficiencies such as high cost, poor fluidity, complex downhole injection equipment, and material contamination of the working surface. It is planned to research and develop a new type of gel that is A and B liquid at room temperature, which will form a gel with low viscosity, good fluidity, and gradually gel in a certain period of time after mixing, and has the characteristics of convenient use and good fire-fighting performance.

Based on gel theory research, three crosslinking agents and five gelling agents were selected for pairwise cross-compounding experiments, and evaluation and optimization were made according to the index parameters such as gelation time, gel-forming system properties, viscosity, and concentration. Determine the best component materials, concentration and ratio of the new gel, and verify it through orthogonal preparation experiments. Through infrared experiment, thermal stability experiment and temperature program experiment, reaserach the distribution of coal molecular groups, the effect of gel on coal molecular groups, the temperature resistance and water retention of the new gel material, as well as the gel's inhibitory effect on the spontaneous combustion process of coal oxidation.

The results show : the optimal component materials are cross-linking agent L1, gelling agent J2 and modified substance MGP, and the corresponding concentration and ratio are (L1+MGP-10%+3%): (J2-8%)=1 :1; The changes in the concentration of the three component materials cause the correlation of changes in gel formation results, gelling agent J2 is the largest, crosslinking agent L1 is the second, and MGP is the smallest; The new gel has an inhibitory effect on coal molecular groups, and the inhibitory effect increases with the increase of the concentration of component A/B, and the inhibitory effect is more affected by the concentration of component B; The absorbance and peak area of the molecular groups of the coal sample treated with the best gel are greatly reduced, especially the hydroxyl group, carbon-oxygen single bond and carbonyl group which are closely related to the spontaneous combustion of coal. The descending order of the content of each group is as follows: carbonyl> carbon-oxygen single bond> aromatic hydrocarbon> hydroxyl> methyl> methylene> carbon-carbon double bond> hydrogen bond; The new gel material has good thermal stability, and the gel system can retain water for more than 6 hours;  The addition of new gel materials can reduce the amount and rate of CO produced during the spontaneous combustion of coal. When 30g, 60g and 90g gel are added, the inhibition rate of 1kg experimental coal sample can reach about 37%, 54% and 65% respectively; The addition of new gel materials can increase the activation energy of the reaction, making it more difficult for coal-oxygen reactions to occur.

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